Omega-3 PUFA metabolism and brain modifications during aging

Chappus-McCendie, Hillary; Chevalier, Laurie; Roberge, Claude; Plourde, Mélanie

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109662

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 144 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…Generally, fish require proper www.nature.com/scientificreports/ amounts of dietary PUFAs as they play an important role in the correct development of neural system 41 . Furthermore, altered dietary SFA and n6 intake have been related to behavioural and cognitive impairments in humans and rodents 26 . The FTIR analysis of brain samples evidenced that increasing inclusion levels of dietary BSF meal caused a drastic decrease of unsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates in brain, mainly in Hi75 and Hi100 groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While a diet rich in n3 fatty acids has generally been associated with a lower risk to develop neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases in humans and animal models 23,24 , the chronic ingestion of n6 and SFAs has been related to wide loss of brain volume and synapses 25 and to behavioural impairments such as dementia 26 . Impaired behaviour and learning have also been related to a reduction in gut microbiota variability 27 , a condition often related to a n6 and SFAs rich diet 28 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach

Zarantoniello

Randazzo

Gioacchini

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Black Soldier Fly (BSF) meal is considered as an alternative, emerging and sustainable ingredient for aquafeed production. However, results on fish physiological responses are still fragmentary and often controversial, while no studies are available on fish behavior in response to these new diets. The present work represents the first comprehensive multidisciplinary study aimed to investigate zebrafish physiological and behavioural responses to BSF-based diets. Five experimental diets characterized by increasing inclusion levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% respect to fish meal) of full fat BSF prepupae meal were tested during a 2-months feeding trial. Prepupae were cultured on coffee silverskin growth substrate enriched with a 10% Schizochytrium sp. to improve insects' fatty acids profile. The responses of zebrafish were assayed through biometric, histological, gas chromatographic, microbiological, spectroscopic, molecular and behavioural analyses. Results evidenced that BSF-based diets affected fish fatty acid composition, while behavioural tests did not show differences among groups. Specifically, a 50% BSF inclusion level diet represented the best compromise between ingredient sustainability and proper fish growth and welfare. Fish fed with higher BSF inclusions (75 and 100%) showed hepatic steatosis, microbiota modification, higher lipid content, fatty acid modification and higher expression of immune response markers. The promotion of high-quality fish production as well as fish welfare are the main aquaculture goals, both strictly related to an adequate fish nutrition 1. The use of fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) in aquafeed formulation is no more feasible because of important environmental and economic issues 2. Over the last decades, several alternative ingredients (plant origin proteins, microalgae and processed animal proteins) to FM and FO have been tested 3. However, each of these ingredients showed some disadvantages in its application in aquafeed formulation including unbalanced amino acid profile, poor protein digestibility, presence of anti-nutritional factors and high production costs 3,4. Insects are now considered as an alternative and sustainable ingredient for feed production 5. In particular, the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens; BSF) larvae are one of the most promising candidates because of their proper protein content and the amino acid composition similar to that of FM 6,7. In addition, BSF have low environmental requirements, a high feed conversion efficiency and they can growth on organic by-products, promoting sustainability and the circular economy concept in the aquaculture sector 8,9. Several studies tested different BSF inclusion levels in aquafeed formulation but results on fish physiological responses are still controversial, while behavioural effects on fish are completely missing 10-13. The use of BSF in aquafeed has been shown, at certain inclusion levels,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach

Zarantoniello

Randazzo

Gioacchini

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The brain consists of straight-chain monocarboxylic acids ranging from C 12 to C 26 , and omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids are most abundant (Kishimoto et al, 1969;Siegel, 1999). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are prominent polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the brain that are derived from alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid (Chappus-McCendie et al, 2019). Arachidonic acid (AA) and docosatetraenoic acid (DPA) constitute a large proportion of PUFA's that are derived from linolenic acid (LNA), an omega 6 fatty acid (Leonard et al, 2000;Sinclair et al, 2007).…”

Section: Brain Lipids In Healthy Aging and Ad Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brain Lipids Changes in Aging These PUFA's are incorporated into membrane phospholipids and therefore play a significant role in structural integrity and function of cell membranes. Lipid metabolism is changed during aging (Montanini et al, 1983;Yehuda et al, 2002;Whelan, 2008;Denis et al, 2015;Cutuli, 2017;Chappus-McCendie et al, 2019), as shown by a decline in omega-3 fatty acids and an increase in lipid peroxidation (Chen et al, 2017). Omega-3 fatty acids have antioxidant properties, and a lack of these fatty acids in one's diet may accelerate neuronal degeneration (Yehuda et al, 2002;Janssen and Kiliaan, 2014).…”

Section: Factors That Affect Brain Lipids Demographic Factors That Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Lipids in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology and Potential Therapies

2020

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Lipids constitute the bulk of the dry mass of the brain and have been associated with healthy function as well as the most common pathological conditions of the brain. Demographic factors, genetics, and lifestyles are the major factors that influence lipid metabolism and are also the key components of lipid disruption in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, the most common genetic risk factor of AD, APOE 4 genotype, is involved in lipid transport and metabolism. We propose that lipids are at the center of Alzheimer's disease pathology based on their involvement in the blood-brain barrier function, amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, myelination, membrane remodeling, receptor signaling, inflammation, oxidation, and energy balance. Under healthy conditions, lipid homeostasis bestows a balanced cellular environment that enables the proper functioning of brain cells. However, under pathological conditions, dyshomeostasis of brain lipid composition can result in disturbed BBB, abnormal processing of APP, dysfunction in endocytosis/exocytosis/autophagocytosis, altered myelination, disturbed signaling, unbalanced energy metabolism, and enhanced inflammation. These lipid disturbances may contribute to abnormalities in brain function that are the hallmark of AD. The wide variance of lipid disturbances associated with brain function suggest that AD pathology may present as a complex interaction between several metabolic pathways that are augmented by risk factors such as age, genetics, and lifestyles. Herewith, we examine factors that influence brain lipid composition, review the association of lipids with all known facets of AD pathology, and offer pointers for potential therapies that target lipid pathways.

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“…The main classes of PUFAs belong to the omega-3 one, which comprises α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 ω-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 ω-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 ω-3) and to the omega-6 one, which comprises linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 ω-6) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4 ω-6) [14] (Table 1). DHA and ARA are the most important PUFAs in the brain [15]. In particular, DHA constitutes over 90% of the ω-3 PUFAs and 10–20% of total lipids in the brain [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Neurodegenerative Diseases: New Evidence in Clinical Trials

Avallone

Vitale

Bertolotti

2019

IJMS

139

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A nutritional approach could be a promising strategy to prevent or slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, since there is no effective therapy for these diseases so far. The beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids are now well established by a plethora of studies through their involvement in multiple biochemical functions, including synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators, cell membrane fluidity, intracellular signaling, and gene expression. This systematic review will consider epidemiological studies and clinical trials that assessed the impact of supplementation or dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Indeed, treatment with omega-3 fatty acids, being safe and well tolerated, represents a valuable and biologically plausible tool in the management of neurodegenerative diseases in their early stages.

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Omega-3 PUFA metabolism and brain modifications during aging

Cited by 40 publications

References 144 publications

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach

Involvement of Lipids in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology and Potential Therapies

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Neurodegenerative Diseases: New Evidence in Clinical Trials

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