Omega-3 supplements in the prevention and treatment of youth depression and anxiety: A scoping review

Abstract

Introduction: Emerging evidence suggests that omega-3 supplements may be efficacious in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults, particularly as an adjunct to antidepressant medication. However, research on its efficacy in young people is limited. Thus, this scoping review aimed to summarise existing evidence on the efficacy of omega-3 supplementation in treating depression and anxiety in young people aged 14-24. Method: Four databases (Cochrane CENTRAL, EmBASE, PsycINFO and PubMed) were searched from inception to 4th August 2021. Eligible peer-reviewed studies were empirical studies which examined the efficacy of omega-3 supplements in preventing/treating anxiety and/or depression in young people aged 14-24. Risk of bias was assessed for randomised studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Selected grey literature databases were also searched, with eligible sources assessed for quality. A group of stakeholders consisting of young people with lived experience of anxiety/depression, parents/carers and mental health professionals informed the research questions and data interpretation. Findings were summarised using narrative synthesis. Results: 17 empirical studies (N = 1240 participants) meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Studies varied in treatment and participant characteristics. In general, the data did not support the view that omega-3 supplements were efficacious in improving symptoms of anxiety or depression. In contrast, most grey literature sources recommended the use of omega-3 supplements despite the lack of supporting evidence. Discussion: Evidence for efficacy of omega-3 supplementation in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety was inconclusive. More research is needed to identify potential mechanisms and moderators of the effect of omega-3 supplements on depression and anxiety symptoms in young people.

The Effects of Walnuts and Academic Stress on Mental Health, General Well-Being and the Gut Microbiota in a Sample of University Students: A Randomised Clinical Trial

“…An analysis of 26,656 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) revealed that depression occurred less in individuals who consumed walnuts compared with non-nut consumers, with this effect being strongest in women [15]. However, a scoping review recently concluded that omega-3 consumption in individuals aged 14-24 could not improve symptoms of anxiety and depression [41]. Parilli-Moser et al [42] showed in their randomised controlled trial that peanut consumption for 6 months could lower measures of depression and anxiety in young adults, and this was attributed to polyphenols present in peanuts altering faecal short-chain fatty acid levels.…”