Omics‐Based Systems Vaccinology for Vaccine Target Identification

Abstract

Preclinical Research Omics technologies include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and immunomics. These technologies have been used in vaccine research, which can be summarized using the term “vaccinomics.” These omics technologies combined with advanced bioinformatics analysis form the core of “systems vaccinology.” Omics technologies provide powerful methods in vaccine target identification. The genomics‐based reverse vaccinology starts with predicting vaccine protein candidates through in silico bioinformatics analysis of genome sequences. The VIOLIN Vaxign vaccine design program (http://www.violinet.org/vaxign) is the first web‐based vaccine target prediction software based on the reverse vaccinology strategy. Systematic transcriptomics and proteomics analyses facilitate rational vaccine target identification by detesting genome‐wide gene expression profiles. Immunomics is the study of the set of antigens recognized by host immune systems and has also been used for efficient vaccine target prediction. With the large amount of omics data available, it is necessary to integrate various vaccine data using ontologies, including the Gene Ontology (GO) and Vaccine Ontology (VO), for more efficient vaccine target prediction and assessment. All these omics technologies combined with advanced bioinformatics analysis methods for a systems biology‐based vaccine target prediction strategy. This article reviews the various omics technologies and how they can be used in vaccine target identification.

Risk management of infectious disease using multidimensional Omics: Molecular diagnostic and personal care of tuberculosis

“…Such technologies merged with bioinformatics form a powerful approach used for vaccine target identification. Furthermore, it is important to weigh of prevention to uncertain pathogenicity use omics platform like genomics-based reverse vaccinology which predicts the immunization protein candidates vie analysis of genome sequences [9,13].…”

“…These microarrays can be hybridized with complemental DNA (from microorganisms' messenger RNA) which can be used for whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing to get information about a sample's RNA contents. Ultimately, it is possible and important to note genes expressed during the infection since they are the most likely protective immunizations targets [9].…”

Immune Responses to the Sexual Stages of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites

“…These approaches take advantage of next generation sequencing (NGS) and the availability of growing numbers of P. falciparum whole genome sequences to identify new antigens (142). These methods are relatively fast and high throughput, leading to the identification of a plethora of essential genes or antigens through comparative analyses (139, 141–143). The implications of omics in the fight against infectious disease was recently reviewed by Bah et al (144).…”

Highlights on the Application of Genomics and Bioinformatics in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases: Challenges and Opportunities in Africa

“…Algorithms can be used to predict T cell epitopes or regions with high affinity within HLA molecules in translated peptides found in databases ( Grubaugh et al, 2013 ; Davies et al, 2015 ) in order to inform the choice of the right antigens for vaccine design. Omics technologies have been reviewed in the context of vaccine target identification by He (2012) .…”