“Omics” of Selenium Biology: A Prospective Study of Plasma Proteome Network Before and After Selenized-Yeast Supplementation in Healthy Men

Abstract

Low selenium levels have been linked to a higher incidence of cancer and other diseases, including Keshan, Chagas, and Kashin-Beck, and insulin resistance. Additionally, muscle and cardiovascular disorders, immune dysfunction, cancer, neurological disorders, and endocrine function have been associated with mutations in genes encoding for selenoproteins. Selenium biology is complex, and a systems biology approach to study global metabolomics, genomics, and/or proteomics may provide important clues to examining selenium-responsive markers in circulation. In the current investigation, we applied a global proteomics approach on plasma samples collected from a previously conducted, double-blinded placebo controlled clinical study, where men were supplemented with selenized-yeast (Se-Yeast; 300 μg/day, 3.8 μmol/day) or placebo-yeast for 48 weeks. Proteomic analysis was performed by iTRAQ on 8 plasma samples from each arm at baseline and 48 weeks. A total of 161 plasma proteins were identified in both arms. Twenty-two proteins were significantly altered following Se-Yeast supplementation and thirteen proteins were significantly changed after placebo-yeast supplementation in healthy men. The differentially expressed proteins were involved in complement and coagulation pathways, immune functions, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. Reconstruction and analysis of protein-protein interaction network around selected proteins revealed several hub proteins. One of the interactions suggested by our analysis, PHLD-APOA4, which is involved in insulin resistance, was subsequently validated by Western blot analysis. Our systems approach illustrates a viable platform for investigating responsive proteomic profile in 'before and after' condition following Se-Yeast supplementation. The nature of proteins identified suggests that selenium may play an important role in complement and coagulation pathways, and insulin resistance.

Effects of Low-dose Selenium on the Inflammatory Response in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Clinical Trial

“…Moreover, a number of previous studies evaluated the combination of Se with other minerals or vitamins. This indicates the strength and novelty of the present study; however, comparing our findings with those of similar studies and discussing the conflicting results was limited ( 37 , 52 , 57 - 76 ).…”

Effect of Selenium on Stress Response in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Clinical Trial

“…Synthesis of thyroid hormones, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 may also be affected. Moreover, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal disorders, hair loss, brittle nails, garlic smell in exhaled air, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, and pulmonary edema have been reported ( 1 , 24 , 25 , 27 - 30 ). In general, it seems that the current knowledge about pharmacodynamics and safety of Se is incomplete; hence, routine supplementation in not exactly selected cases must be avoided.…”

Indications of Selenium Protection against Cadmium and Lead Toxicity in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

“…A thorough understanding of plant response to heavy metals stress at the molecular level is very important for its effective management (Schützendübel and Polle, 2002). Therefore, further studies are required to elucidate the molecular mechanism for Se alleviating Cd and Pb toxicity in oilseed rape plant by omics approaches such as proteomics and metabolomics (Hesketh, 2008; Debnath et al, 2011; Hesketh and Méplan, 2011; Wang et al, 2013; Sinha et al, 2016). Specifically, Se is one of essential micronutrients for animals and human health but at high concentrations, widespread use of Se fertilization needs to be carefully evaluated in the context of potential ecological impacts because Se can become toxic to vertebrates.…”