[omim][BF4]-mediated toxicity in mussel hemocytes includes its interaction with cellular membrane proteins

Ionic Liquids—A Review of Their Toxicity to Living Organisms

“…Genotoxic effects of [C 4 mim][BF 4 ] were negligible with or without acetone at lower concentrations, while high levels of DNA damages were observed in the [C 8 mim][BF 4 ] at lower concentrations (without acetone—0.01 and 0.1 mg·L −1 , with acetone—0.1 and 0.5 mg·L −1 ). A further study [ 126 ] showed that [C 8 mim][BF 4 ] (concentrations from 0.7 to 1.75 µM) could induce cytotoxicity in Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes, causing almost 50% reduction of cell viability for concentrations higher than 3.5 µM, increased the ROS species and lipid peroxidation byproducts and caused increasing levels of DNA damage.…”

Study of Behavioral Changes and Photosynthetic Activity of <i>Euglenas gracilis</i> in the Presence of Effluents from the Laboratory of Clinical Analysis

“…In Viral Load sector, the reduction in concentration occurs due to the guanidinium isothiocyanate. This compound has nitrogens that ionically link on the magnesium present in the environment [19], as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9.…”

Ionic liquids removal by sequential photocatalytic and biological oxidation

“…A number of toxicity assays have been developed in recent decades for an expeditious, reproducible evaluation of the effects of pollutants on the aquatic environment. Toxicity tests with organisms from different trophic levels including bacteria, algae, plants or even mammalian cells have revealed that some ILs are even more toxic than conventional organic solvents . Since ILs can penetrate cell membranes and accumulate in the lipid bilayer, their toxicity usually increases with increasing hydrophobicity and decreasing polarity .…”

“…Toxicity tests with organisms from different trophic levels including bacteria, algae, plants or even mammalian cells have revealed that some ILs are even more toxic than conventional organic solvents. 9,[14][15][16] Since ILs can penetrate cell membranes and accumulate in the lipid bilayer, their toxicity usually increases with increasing hydrophobicity and decreasing polarity. 14 Also, the high thermal and chemical stability of these compounds, and their slow biological degradation, makes it difficult to develop safe, sustainable ILs.…”

“…9,[14][15][16] Since ILs can penetrate cell membranes and accumulate in the lipid bilayer, their toxicity usually increases with increasing hydrophobicity and decreasing polarity. 14 Also, the high thermal and chemical stability of these compounds, and their slow biological degradation, makes it difficult to develop safe, sustainable ILs. 15,16 Developing cost-effective treatments for IL removal is essential to avoid their possible transfer from industrial wastewater to aquatic media.…”