Omphalitis

Bugaje, Mairo Adamu; McHoney, Merrill; Ameh, Emmanuel A.; Lakhoo, Kokila

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41724-6_20

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Studies indicated that the risk factor for neonatal cord infection include unhygienic cord practices , inappropriate cord handling (e.g., cultural application of substances such as engine oil, cow dung, talc powder, or palm oil to the cord); septic delivery secondary to prolonged rupture of membranes or maternal infection; non sterile delivery; prematurity; low birth weight as well as neonates with weakened or de cient immune systems or who are hospitalized and subjected to invasive procedures such as umbilical catheterization [19]. Though a relationship between signs of cord infection and cultural application of substances was not established in our study, we found out that substances such as butter, Vaseline, and animal dung had been applied on the neonate's umbilical cord other than the assigned cord care regimen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Topical Application of Human Breast Milk, Chlorhexidine and Dry Cord Care on Neonatal Umbilical Cord Separation Time and Rate of Cord Infection : Cluster Randomized Trial

Mekonnen¹,

Estifanos²,

Gebremariam³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background- Annually 1 million newborns worldwide die of infection caused by bacteria that enter the body via the umbilical cord. Regarding this the Ethiopia national strategy of new born and child survival identified Chlorhexidine as one of the high impact interventions to minimize neonatal mortality. Whereas, studies have shown Human breast milk application to the neonatal umbilical cord has a shorter cord separation time and lower rate of infection than Chlorhexidine or dry cord care. Method- From May to November, 2018, a three arm, non- masked, community based, cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted at Butajira Demographic and Health Surveillance site located in the Gurage Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples´ Region of Ethiopia. Nine sub districts of the Butajira Demographic and Health Surveillance site were randomized into two intervention groups that are human breast milk and Chlorhexidine and a control group which is the dry cord care using a lottery method. From a sample size of 337, data were entered and analyzed for 302 term singleton newborns. Baseline characteristics across the groups were compared by ANOVA for continuous variables and Chi square for categorical variables. Mean cord separation time was compared among the groups using one way ANOVA whereas the secondary outcome i.e. rate of omphalitis was expressed in terms of frequency and was compared among the groups using Chi square. Level of significance was set at p <0.05 with 95% confidence interval. Result- The mean cord separation time was 5.6 days in the human breast milk group, 5.9days in the Chlorhexidine group, and 5.7days in the dry cord care group but this difference was not statistically significant among the study groups (p value=0.40). The highest signs of cord infection rate were observed in the dry care group and this was significant regarding the redness on the base of the cord stump (P<0.001). Conclusion- Topical application of human breast milk is related with shorter cord separation time compared to chlorhexidine or dry cord care. It also has reduced incidence of infection, as much as topical chlorhexidine application. Generally the readily available human breast milk should be given further emphasis.Trial registration- This trial is registered at the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry on 27th August 2020 with a clinical trial registration number of PACTR202008804462886 . It can be accessed using the URL address:https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=593.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Topical Application of Human Breast Milk, Chlorhexidine and Dry Cord Care on Neonatal Umbilical Cord Separation Time and Rate of Cord Infection : Cluster Randomized Trial

Mekonnen¹,

Estifanos²,

Gebremariam³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Limited access to timely pediatric surgical and radiological expertise contributes to delay in diagnosis and surgical interventions [30]. In the absence of imaging such as ultrasound or plain film X-ray, definitive diagnosis can only be made using laparotomy [30,32] Even without access to fluoroscope and/or ultrasound facilities, air enema reduction of intussusception can be attempted under anesthesia, with greater than 50% success rate if attempted early in the course of disease manifestation [17]. However, due to late presentation and lack of ultrasound or radiological services, especially outside normal work hours, pneumatic or hydrostatic reduction cannot be conducted, thus leaving surgical management as the only viable management option [30,32].…”

Section: Intussusceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perforation due to typhoid fever or typhoid ileal perforation is a significant issue in LMICs and almost absent in HICs. The annual incidence of typhoid is estimated at 21 million cases, with an overall perforation rate of about 10% that increases with age, reaching a high of 30% by age 12 years [17]. Mortality ranges from 12% in surgically equipped facilities to 100% in areas without adequate surgical access [10,14,18,19].…”

Section: Typhoid Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Routine Pediatric Surgical Emergencies: Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality During the 1st 8000 Days of Life—A Narrative Review

et al. 2023

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Background Many potentially treatable non-congenital and non-traumatic surgical conditions can occur during the first 8000 days of life and an estimated 85% of children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will develop one before 15 years old. This review summarizes the common routine surgical emergencies in children from LMICs and their effects on morbidity and mortality. Methods A narrative review was undertaken to assess the epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes of common surgical emergencies that present within the first 8000 days (or 21.9 years) of life in LMICs. Available data on pediatric surgical emergency care in LMICs were aggregated. Results Outside of trauma, acute appendicitis, ileal perforation secondary to typhoid fever, and intestinal obstruction from intussusception and hernias continue to be the most common abdominal emergencies among children in LMICs. Musculoskeletal infections also contribute significantly to the surgical burden in children. These “neglected” conditions disproportionally affect children in LMICs and are due to delays in seeking care leading to late presentation and preventable complications. Pediatric surgical emergencies also necessitate heavy resource utilization in LMICs, where healthcare systems are already under strain. Conclusions Delays in care and resource limitations in LMIC healthcare systems are key contributors to the complicated and emergent presentation of pediatric surgical disease. Timely access to surgery can not only prevent long-term impairments but also preserve the impact of public health interventions and decrease costs in the overall healthcare system.

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Omphalitis

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of Topical Application of Human Breast Milk, Chlorhexidine and Dry Cord Care on Neonatal Umbilical Cord Separation Time and Rate of Cord Infection : Cluster Randomized Trial

Effect of Topical Application of Human Breast Milk, Chlorhexidine and Dry Cord Care on Neonatal Umbilical Cord Separation Time and Rate of Cord Infection : Cluster Randomized Trial

Routine Pediatric Surgical Emergencies: Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality During the 1st 8000 Days of Life—A Narrative Review

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