Abstract. We present versal complex analytic families, over a smooth base and of fibre dimension zero, one, or two, where the discriminant constitutes a free divisor. These families include finite flat maps, versal deformations of reduced curve singularities, and versal deformations of Gorenstein surface singularities in C 5 . It is shown that such free divisors often admit a "fast normalization", obtained by a single application of the Grauert-Remmert normalization algorithm. For a particular Gorenstein surface singularity in C 5 , namely the simple elliptic singularity of type A 4 , we exhibit an explicit discriminant matrix and show that the slice of the discriminant for a fixed j-invariant is the cone over the dual variety of an elliptic curve.
IntroductionOne of the remarkable results in complex singularity theory is that the discriminant in the versal deformation of any isolated complete intersection singularity is a free divisor , a highly singular hypersurface in the ambient smooth base that admits though a compact representation as determinant of any discriminant matrix expressing a basis of the liftable vector fields in terms of the coordinate vector fields; see [34] or Section 2 below.Variants on this result show the freeness of the discriminant in the base of a versal deformation in a number of further cases, for example space-curve singularities (van Straten [47]), functions on space curves (Goryunov [24], ), or representation varieties of quivers ). J. Damon gives inThe authors were partly supported by the DFG Schwerpunkt "Global Methods in Complex Geometry". The first author was also partly supported by NSERC grant 3-642-114-80 and wishes to thank his alma mater, the University of Hannover, as well as S.-O. Buchweitz-Klingsöhr and D. Klingsöhr for their hospitality during the preparation of this work. [16] a broad survey of why and how free divisors appear frequently in the theory of discriminants and bifurcations.Here we present further versal complex analytic families, over a smooth base and of fibre dimension zero, one, or two, where the discriminant constitutes yet again a free divisor.While we consider the question in more generality to deduce sufficient criteria, showing along the way why such free divisors often admit a "fast normalization", obtained by a single application of the Grauert-Remmert normalization algorithm, the new explicit instances found pertain to• finite flat maps, thus the case of relative dimension zero, where we characterize freeness of the discriminant completely and show, for example, that the discriminant in the Hilbert scheme or Douady space of points on a smooth complex surface is a free divisor, • reduced curve singularities, where we recover not only the result on spacecurve singularities due to D. van Straten [47], but extend it to include all reduced, smoothable, and unobstructed Gorenstein curve singularities, and • smoothable Gorenstein surface singularities with reflexive conormal module, thus including all Gorenstein surface singularities in C 5 .This lis...