On a contextual model refuting Bell's theorem

Abstract

Bell's theorem is refuted by presenting a counterexample that correctly predicts the expectation values of QM. As Bell only ruled out non-contextual models, a contextual model with hidden variables can refute his theorem. Such a model, which is able to explain the spin measurement results with entangled photons or electrons, is presented herein. It is not ruled out by the Kochen-Specker theorem. A physical justification for the contextual behaviour of entangled systems is provided. Consequences for the feasibility of quantum computers are discussed.

Observations of Bell Inequality Violations with Causal Isolation between Source and Detectors

“…Others, more generically, focus on Bohr contextuality pointing out that the measures always interfere with the measured. Both the photons in flight and the emitting source atoms are subject to dynamic influences [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. In the view of contextuality, Bell inequalities may be derived using probabilistic models describing four random experiments performed in incompatible experimental contexts [ 14 ].…”

Observations of Bell Inequality Violations with causal isolation between source and detectors

“…Others, more generically, focus on Bohr contextuality pointing out that the measures always interfere with the measured, a point made clear since the Stern-Gerlach days. Both the photons in flight and the emitting source atoms are subject to dynamic influences [12] [13]. Others argue the physical fact that Bell type correlations emerge from classical Electro-Magnetism [14].…”

Quantum Mechanics: Statistical Balance Prompts Caution in Assessing Conceptual Implications

“…Bell inequality violation might, at least partly, reflect (a) the contextuality of quantum mechanics (prescribed probabilities relate to a particular experimental context) [ 17 ] (Section 3) [ 126 , 133 , 134 ] and (b) data from different probability spaces being inappropriately combined [ 2 ] (p. 55) [ 120 ]. This latter possibility is strong, because Bell inequalities reflect the Boole inequality in probability theory [ 135 ] [ 136 ] (pp.…”

“…Several projects are exploring this possibility [ 150 ], including projects aiming for a theory with some form of both locality and realism [ 16 , 40 ] [ 113 ] (App. B) [ 133 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 ]. Bell-type analyses do not rule out such theories [ 1 ] (p. 421) [ 141 , 142 , 156 ], but do impose constraints on them [ 120 , 157 ].…”