On a maximally permissive deadlock prevention policy for automated manufacturing systems by using resource-oriented Petri nets

Chen, HeFeng; Wu, Naiqi; Li, Zhiwu; Qu, Ting

doi:10.1016/j.isatra.2018.11.025

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Fig. 15 shows that state L i transfers to state L i+1 in the model of the leader vehicle in Test case 1, when the leader vehicle receives event l_b 6 . In the duration that state L i transfers to state L i+1 , 1000 speed control decisions are calculated in the follower vehicle.…”

Section: B Adaptive Cruise Control In a Platooning Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Black-Box Embedded Systems by Integrating Automaton Learning and Supervisory Control Theory of Discrete-Event Systems

Zhang

Feng

2020

IEEE Trans. Automat. Sci. Eng.

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The paper presents an approach to the control of black-box embedded systems by integrating automaton learning and supervisory control theory (SCT) of discrete-event systems (DES), where automaton models of both the system and requirements are unavailable or hard to obtain. First, the system is tested against the requirements. If all the requirements are satisfied, no supervisor is needed and the process terminates. Otherwise, a supervisor is synthesized to enforce the system to satisfy the requirements. To apply SCT and automaton learning technologies efficiently, the system is abstracted to be a finite-discrete model. Then, a C * learning algorithm is proposed based on the classical L * algorithm to infer a Moore automaton describing both the behavior of the system and the conjunctive behavior of the system and the requirements. Subsequently, a supervisor for the system is derived from the learned Moore automaton and patched on the system. Finally, the controlled system is tested again to check the correctness of the supervisor. If the requirements are still not satisfied, a larger Moore automaton is learned and a refined supervisor is synthesized. The whole process iterates until the requirements hold in the controlled system. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is manifested through two realistic case studies. Note to Practitioners-Supervisory control theory of DES can synthesize maximally permissive supervisory controllers to ensure the correctness of software-controlled processes. The applicationManuscript of supervisory control theory relies on automaton models of the plant and specifications; however, the required models are often unavailable and difficult to obtain for black-box embedded systems. Automaton learning is an effective method for inferring models of black-box systems. This paper integrates the two technologies so that the supervisory control theory is applicable to the development of black-box embedded software systems. The proposed approach is implemented in a toolchain that connects automaton learning algorithms, SCT, and testing algorithms via scripts. The obtained supervisor is implemented as a software patch to monitor and control the original system online.Index Terms-Automaton learning algorithm, black-box embedded system, software testing, supervisory control theory.

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Section: B Adaptive Cruise Control In a Platooning Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Black-Box Embedded Systems by Integrating Automaton Learning and Supervisory Control Theory of Discrete-Event Systems

Zhang

Feng

2020

IEEE Trans. Automat. Sci. Eng.

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“…Wu and Zhou have been active in the field of deadlock avoidance by using the formalism of resource-oriented Petri nets (ROPN) [46,47]. The ROPN model is developed to describe the dynamic resources competition by parts in an AMS [46,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. In an ROPN, a type of resources is modeled by only one place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is structurally very simple. Chen et al [56] use an ROPN modeling approach to model a class of AMS to overcome the deadlock control problem. Several types of illegal markings are explored, which can be prevented by structural analysis of ROPN models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colored Resource-Oriented Petri Net Based Ladder Diagrams for PLC Implementation in Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems

Kaid

Al-Ahmari

2020

IEEE Access

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A typical example of discrete event systems (DESs) is a reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) whose can be changed and become more complicated during its operation. Thus, an effective tool needs to be developed to create both high-and low-level DES implementation. The ladder diagram (LD) is a common programming method for controlling DESs. Petri nets (PNs) represent the most important graphical and mathematical tool that can be used to provide an integrated solution for the design, modeling, analysis, control, and implementation of DESs. Various types of PN-based LDs are developed for DESs, which have high structural complexity of the LDs. Therefore, an approach that can facilitate the elimination of the LDs' structural complexity needs to be developed. The main objective of this paper is to develop a two-step approach for LDs implementation for RMSs with dynamic changes. First, a colored resource-oriented Petri net (CROPN)-based algorithm is proposed for a rapid and valid configurations of an RMS. Second, a ladder diagram colored resource-oriented Petri net (LDCROPN) is developed to convert the CROPN into an LD. The developed approach is evaluated using examples in the literature. Moreover, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach for LD implementation under RMS specification changes.

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“…Compared with the signal interpreted Petri nets, general Petri nets [26]- [36] and automata [37]- [39] are tools that are more basic and extensively applied for modeling and analysis. When using signal interpreted Petri nets to model a system, transitions are associated with a firing condition given as input signals, and places to specify output signals, which significantly affects its modeling power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homomorphic Encryption of Supervisory Control Systems Using Automata

Zhou

Nasr

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Cyber-physical systems have been highly integrated into many contemporary infrastructures. As this integration deepens, the importance of protecting these systems from unauthorized access and data corruption increases. Nowadays, cyber-physical systems are not well protected against network attacks. One solution is to improve the security of a system by encrypting the transmitted data. In this paper, we consider the encryption of supervisors of discrete event systems modeled with deterministic finite-state automata. We propose an encryption framework of supervisory control systems based on the matrix notation of automata. The purpose of using matrix notation is to make it suitable for homomorphic encryption schemes over integers, which are emerging in the cryptography area. We calculate the entropy of the matrix notation and find that as the size of a system increases, it gets smaller and approaches zero. Owing to the low entropy of the matrix notation, we propose an algorithm to enhance its entropy. By applying the entropy-enhancing process, the distribution characteristics of entries in matrices or vectors can be hidden to avoid a brute force attack. Correspondingly, we propose an entropy restoration algorithm to ensure that the control action can be transmitted correctly.

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On a maximally permissive deadlock prevention policy for automated manufacturing systems by using resource-oriented Petri nets

Cited by 37 publications

References 47 publications

Control of Black-Box Embedded Systems by Integrating Automaton Learning and Supervisory Control Theory of Discrete-Event Systems

Control of Black-Box Embedded Systems by Integrating Automaton Learning and Supervisory Control Theory of Discrete-Event Systems

Colored Resource-Oriented Petri Net Based Ladder Diagrams for PLC Implementation in Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems

Homomorphic Encryption of Supervisory Control Systems Using Automata

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