“…Due to the effects of the drift angle, yaw rate, ship stern shape, propeller rotation, propeller working load and even the rudder, the variation of wake fraction during manoeuvring motions is complicated (Liu, 2017). The wake factor in manoeuvring in this paper is estimated by equation ( 9) considering the geometrical inflow angle at the propeller position (Inoue et al, 1981;Kijima et al, 2000).…”