On Antimicrobial Polymers: Development, Mechanism of Action, International Testing Procedures, and Applications

Alkarri, Saleh; Bin Saad, Hawra; Soliman, Maria

doi:10.3390/polym16060771

Cited by 15 publications

References 230 publications

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Influence of synthesis conditions and raw materials on the properties of N‐chlorosulfonamides immobilized on granular styrene–divinylbenzene polymer carriers

Murashevych,

Girenko,

Stepanskyi

et al. 2024

Polymer International

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Polymer materials with immobilized functional groups–donors of active chlorine are widely used to create products with a microbiocidal effect and increased resistance to microbial contamination. In this work, various methods for the synthesis of granular styrene–divinylbenzene polymers with N‐chlorosulfonamide groups were investigated. It has been shown that the synthesis of polymers with chlorine‐active SO2NNaCl groups from a non‐functionalized styrene–divinylbenzene polymer matrix through the stage of its sulfochlorination with chlorosulfonic acid in dichloromethane for 6–7 h is optimal. These products contain approximately 11% of active chlorine and maintain a stable particle size distribution. When cation exchangers such as Purolite C100 are used as the initial polymer carrier, the content of chlorine‐active groups in the target product is approximately 9%, and an increase in the content of the dust fraction is observed. The obtained samples, regardless of the synthesis method, are capable of releasing active chlorine into solutions containing amino compounds. The microbial impurities in water also cause the emission of active chlorine in an amount that does not depend on the loading of the polymer, but is determined by the concentration of microbes, due to which a pronounced antimicrobial effect is observed. In this case, the resulting products do not cause further decomposition of the functional groups of the polymer, which indicates the high service life of the latter. The availability of raw materials, relative ease of synthesis, stability, possibility of regeneration and microbiocidal properties of the studied polymers make them promising for use as components of water and air purification systems and other products for medical and industrial purposes. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Influence of synthesis conditions and raw materials on the properties of N‐chlorosulfonamides immobilized on granular styrene–divinylbenzene polymer carriers

Murashevych,

Girenko,

Stepanskyi

et al. 2024

Polymer International

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver Phthalocyanine (AgPc)/Ag Supported on Aminosilane‐Modified Silicate

Wu,

Huang,

Wang

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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Organic–inorganic composite antibacterial materials based on AgPc/Ag and aminosilane‐modified silicate (Ormosil) were prepared by sol‐gel processes and an in situ reduction method. The physical and chemical properties of AgPc, Pc‐Ormosil and AgPc‐Ormosil/Ag composites were analyzed by SEM, XRD, NMR and XPS spectroscopy. As a result, Ag nanoparticles were bonded and chelated in Pc‐Ormosil matrix. The morphology analysis of SEM showed that the AgNPs in the Pc‐Ormosil matrix were spherical and uniformly distributed, with a size of about 5–10 nm. These NMR and XPS results indicated that the AgNPs were coordinated with Pc (N−Ag−N) and chelated with Ormosil (−CH2NH…Ag) to form a AgPc‐Ormosil/Ag composite. The antibacterial effects of AgPc‐Ormosil/Ag composites on Gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated by inhibiting ring, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and plate counting. The MIC/MBC values of Pc‐Ormosil, AgPc‐Ormosil/Ag‐2.5, AgPc‐Ormosil/Ag‐5 and AgPc‐Ormosil/Ag‐10 against bacteria were 11.0/>11.0, 1.10/1.10, 0.11/0.11 and 0.011/0.011, respectively, indicating excellent antibacterial properties.

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Biocides for Coating Formulations: Current Status and Future Challenges

Puri,

Dalal,

Dhuldhaj

et al. 2024

Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

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On Antimicrobial Polymers: Development, Mechanism of Action, International Testing Procedures, and Applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 230 publications

Influence of synthesis conditions and raw materials on the properties of N‐chlorosulfonamides immobilized on granular styrene–divinylbenzene polymer carriers

Influence of synthesis conditions and raw materials on the properties of N‐chlorosulfonamides immobilized on granular styrene–divinylbenzene polymer carriers

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver Phthalocyanine (AgPc)/Ag Supported on Aminosilane‐Modified Silicate

Biocides for Coating Formulations: Current Status and Future Challenges

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