On-axis average intensity of a hollow Gaussian beam in turbulent ocean

Comparative analysis of some laser beams spreading through oceanic turbulence

“…On the other hand, research on the behavior of laser beams propagating through oceanic turbulence has been a focus of attention up until now because underwater laser communications and imaging systems must perform various laser beams like pulsed vortex imaging (Benzehoua and Belafhal 2023a), Gaussian Schell-model Vortex Beam (Huang et al, 2014), hollow higherorder cosh-Gaussian beam (Elmabruk and Bayraktar 2023), cosine-Gaussian-correlated Schellmodel beam (Ding et al 2015), partially Coherent Radially Polarized Doughnut Beam (Fu and Zhang, 2013), vortex cosine hyperbolic-Gaussian beam (Lazrek et al 2022), hollow Gaussian beam (Li et al 2019), partially coherent anomalous hollow vortex beam (Liu et al 2019), partially coherent Lorentz-Gauss vortex beam (Liu et al 2017), radial Gaussian beam (Lu et al 2015), Gaussian array beam (Tang and Zhao 2015), partially coherent Gaussian beam (Yang et al 2017), rotating elliptical chirped Gaussian vortex beam (Ye et al 2018(Ye et al ), quasi-homogeneous beam (wen et al 2022) and hyperbolic sinusoidal Gaussian beam (Bayraktar 2021).…”

Oceanic turbulent effect on the propagation properties of a Generalized Hermite cosh-Gaussian beam

“…Many studies about the evolution properties of various laser beams propagating in oceanic turbulence have been analyzed (Tang and Zhao, 2013;Fu and Zhang, 2013;Liu et al, 2017a;Liu et al, 2017b;Huang et al, 2014;Xu and Zhao, 2014;Huang et al, 2015;Li et al, 2019;Lu et al, 2015a;Tang and Zhao, 2015;Lu et al, 2015b;Ding et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2017c;Liu and Wang, 2018;Liu et al, 2019;Lazrek et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2022;Elmabruk and Bayraktar , 2023;Benzehoua and Belafhal , 2023;Chib et al, 2023).…”

“…Since then, radially polarized beams (Tang and Zhao, 2013), partially coherent radially polarized doughnut beam (Fu and Zhang, 2013), four-petal Gaussian beam (Liu et al, 2017a;Liu et al, 2017b). Gaussian Schell-model vortex beam (Huang et al, 2014), stochastic electromagnetic vortex beams (Xu and Zhao, 2014), partially coherent Hermite-Gaussian linear array beam (Huang et al, 2015), hollow Gaussian beams (Li et al, 2019), Gaussian array beam (Lu et al, 2015a;Tang and Zhao, 2015;Lu et al, 2015b), cosine-Gaussian-correlated Schellmodel beams (Ding et al, 2015), flat-topped vortex hollow beam (Liu et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2016), partially coherent Lorentz-Gauss vortex beam (Liu et al, 2017c), random electromagnetic multi-Gaussian Schell-model vortex beam (Liu and Wang, 2018), partially coherent anomalous hollow vortex beam (Liu et al, 2019), vortex Cosine-Hyperbolic-Gaussian beams (Lazrek et al, 2022), multi-sinc Schell-model beams (Liu et al, 2022), hollow higherorder cosh Gaussian beam (Elmabruk and Bayraktar , 2023) pulsed Laguerre higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam (Benzehoua and Belafhal , 2023) and a new power spectrum of the refractive-index fluctuations turbulent oceanic (Chib et al, 2023).…”

Propagation properties of vortex cosine-hyperbolic-Gaussian beams through oceanic turbulence

“…The influence of temperature and salinity fluctuations on propagation of laser beams, including the degree of polarization, mutual coherence function, spreading, and the scintillation index, have widely been investigated. Up to now, the propagation properties of various types of laser beams in an oceanic environment have been reported, such as those for radially polarized Gaussian beams [6], Gaussian Schell-model vortex beam [7], stochastic electromagnetic vortex beams [8], partially coherent flat-topped vortex hollow beam [9], partially coherent annular decentered beams [10], partially coherent Hermite-Gaussian linear array beams [11], hollow Gaussian beams [12], cosine-Gaussian-correlated Schell-model beams [13], partially coherent Lorentz-Gauss vortex beams [14], partially coherent four-petal Gaussian vortex beams [15], random electromagnetic multi-Gaussian Schell-model vortex beam [16], flat-topped beams [17] and Airy beams with power exponential phase vortex [18]. Besides, a new beam model named vortex-cosh-Gaussian beam (vChGB) has been freshly investigated by us [19].…”