On Bird Species Diversity

MacArthur, Robert H.; MacArthur, John W.

doi:10.2307/1932254

Cited by 2,886 publications

(1,800 citation statements)

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“…The importance of structural diversity has been emphasized in our results, supporting the suggestions of MacArthur and MacArthur (1961), with the major proviso that, as well as FHD, it is also necessary to take into account some measure of horizontal heterogeneity (eg NPT or HET). Our observed variation among tree types does not indicate tree species effects, but rather effects of differences in the cover profiles characteristic of those types.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Windthrow and windbreak have, of course, been a cause for concern for as long as trees have been cultivated, particularly on poorly drained soils: Research by FC since the war provided informa- Table 3. Proportion of Sitka spruce in planting since 1961(source: Forestry Commission 1984 tion on the incidence of wind damage in relation to gales and on the aerodynamics of individual trees and crops (Fraser & Gardiner 1967). By 1977, Booth had put forward an empirical method of assessing windthrow hazard in terms of altitude, exposure, soil conditions and regional windiness, which gave some general prediction of the height a crop was likely to reach before wind damage became appreciable (Booth 1977).…”

Section: The Importance Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a well-grown forest, a many-layered stand containing trees and shrubs of varying height holds more bird species than a uniform stand in which all the trees are the same height. In a mature forest, structural diversity is apparently more important than the number of tree species in influencing the number of bird species present (MacArthur & MacArthur 1961;Moss 1978b;O'Connor 1981;Orians 1969;Recher 1969). Scottish pinewoods with a shrub layer hold slightly more species, and about double the density of birds, as do even-age stands with no shrub layer .…”

Section: Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Trees and Wildlife in the Scottish Uplands.

Barkham¹,

Jenkins²

1987

The Journal of Ecology

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Institute of Tree Biology and the Culture Centre of Algae and Protozoa. ITE contributes to, and draws upon, the collective knowledge of the 14 sister institutes which make up the Natural Environment Research Council, spanning all the environmental sciences.The Institute studies the factors determining the structure, composition and processes of land and freshwater systems, and of individual plant and animal species. It is developing a sounder scientific basis for predicting and modelling environmental trends arising from natural or man-made change. The results of this research are available to those responsible for the protection, management and wise use of our natural resources.One quarter of ITE's work is research commissioned by customers, such as the Department of Environment, the Commission of the European Communities, the Nature Conservancy Council and the Overseas Development Administration. The remainder is fundamental research supported by NERC. Preface Forestry and its effects on our countryside are very much in the news. The concern of Scottish ecologists was expressed through the organization of at least 3 conferences during November and early December 1985. Our meeting is just one of them. It is nonetheless timely, and it brings together a wider range of people than the other 2 meetings. The first, organized by the Scottish Ornithologists' Club, discussed the interactions of commercial forestry with birds. The second, under the auspices of the Countryside Commission for Scotland, was concerned mainly with broadleaved trees. We are concerned with wider aspects, including both birds and broadleaved trees, although primarily with conifer plantations in the Scottish uplands. However, it is impossible to consider the impact of any aspect of afforestation in isolation; forestry in the Scottish uplands is not a separate industry from forestry in the lowlands, and the industry is international.The concern of foresters to integrate their management policy with the requirements of the rest of the rural community is obvious. The new policy of the Forestry Commission with regard to broadleaved trees has arisen at least partly as a result of public concern. The economic demand for more home-produced timber may be satisfied only by planting up open hillsides and spoiling views which many people have come to regard as part of their heritage. It may be necessary, though this is still unproven, to afforest part of the habitat of upland birds which are rare in Britain. Decisions on some of these points may be political, but the widespread public concern remains. This concern is about integrating the need for timber with maintaining the richness of the Scottish upland countryside, of which the forests are very much a part. Nature conservationists and animal and plant ecologists already haye a great deal of practical knowledge on the management of semi-natural habitats, but their knowledge of the fauna of commercial forests is, in some cases, not as great as they would wish. The purpose of this meeting is to bring toge...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: The Importance Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Trees and Wildlife in the Scottish Uplands.

Barkham¹,

Jenkins²

1987

The Journal of Ecology

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“…The primacy that some avian ecologists have given physiognomic measurements no doubt depends to some extent on studies that failed to find significant correlations between bird communities and plant taxa, while simultaneously demonstrating associations between these communities and habitat physiognomy (e.g., MacArthur and MacArthur 1961;Abbott 1976). These observations have been reinforced by persuasive explanations based on habitat selection behavior and niche theory (Hild6n 1965;Wiens 1969;James 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results were consistent with the widely held view that vegetation structure and habitat configuration ("physiognomy";Whittaker 1975) are more important to the determination of habitat occupancy patterns of birds than the particular plant taxonomic composition (" floristics") of the vegetation (e.g., Hild6n 1965;Wiens 1969;James 1971;Anderson and Shugart 1974). Indeed, a variety of studies have shown strong associations between physiognomy and patterns of species distributions and community structure (e.g., MacArthur and MacArthur 1961;MacArthur et al t966;Willson 1974;James and Wamer 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of habitat in avian community composition: physiognomy or floristics?

1985

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Bird communities and extended biotic index (EBI) in some tributaries of the Tiber river

Sorace

Colombari²,

Cordiner³

1999

Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.

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1. Riparian birds and macroinvertebrates were studied in five reaches of four tributaries of the Tiber river (Italy). The first aim was to check if stream quality, assessed by extended biotic index (EBI) values, could represent change in the riparian zone, assessed through the bird community. The second was to consider whether stream quality affects the presence of riverine bird species. 2. Stream quality and richness of the riparian bird community were related. In streams with more disturbed macroinvertebrate communities, but also in agricultural areas, the relative frequency of granivorous species increased in the riparian zone. 3. Dippers Cinclus cinclus occurred exclusively in reaches with the best stream quality, but the relationship between grey wagtails Motacilla cinerea and stream quality was less clear. 4. These results support the judicious use of riverine and riparian birds as biological indicators. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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On Bird Species Diversity

Cited by 2,886 publications

References 4 publications

Trees and Wildlife in the Scottish Uplands.

Trees and Wildlife in the Scottish Uplands.

The role of habitat in avian community composition: physiognomy or floristics?

Bird communities and extended biotic index (EBI) in some tributaries of the Tiber river

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