On-body non-invasive glucose monitoring sensor based on high figure of merit (FoM) surface plasmonic microwave resonator

Abstract

High-figure of merit (FoM) plasmonic microwave resonator is researched as a non-invasive on-body sensor to monitor the human body's blood glucose variation rate in adults for biomedical applications, e.g., diabetic patients. The resonance frequencies of the proposed sensor are measured to be around $${f}_{01}=3.25$$ f 01 = 3.25 GHz and $${f}_{01}=4.67$$ f 01 = 4.67 GHz over the frequency band of DC to 6GHz which are suitable for monitoring interstitial fluid (ISF) changing rate. The $$40\times 40 {\mathrm{mm}}^{2}$$ 40 × 40 mm 2 sensor is experimentally wrapped on the human body arm to monitor the blood glucose changing rate via amplitude and frequency variations of the sensor. Amplitude variation and frequency shift are measured to be around 7 dB and 30 MHz, respectively. The measured results demonstrate the high precision of the proposed approach to depict a valid diagram for glucose changing rate due to good impedance matching of the designed microwave sensor and human body. The sensor is shown to enhance the sensitivity by a factor of 5 compared to the conventional ones.