On-chip antenna: challenges and design considerations

Shamim, Atif; Zhang, Haoran

doi:10.1049/pbte093e_ch6

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…To make the antenna suitable for a real-case scenario, it requires some additional post-fabrication work to improve its gain characteristics. Though high resistive silicon can be used to improve the gain performance [43], the bulk CMOS process does not support such high resistive silicon [44]. The alternative and most suitable option for improving the OCA gain is to apply micromachining technique wherein a low index region is introduced underneath the radiating antenna by removing a portion of the Si wafer from its bottom.…”

Section: Gain Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 24 GHz Circularly Polarized On-chip Antenna for Short-Range Communication Application

et al. 2022

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This article presents a design method of miniaturized, circularly polarized (CP), concentric ring-shaped monopole on-chip antenna for 24 GHz short-range application. The proposed antenna covers automotive radar spectrum 22-29 GHz with a resonance at 24 GHz. Taking a simple circular ring-shaped patch as reference antenna, a small gap is introduced in the closed-loop structure that helps to provide the required travelling wave current distribution for realizing the CP property. Then a smaller circular ring is incorporated inside the reference antenna to improve the antenna performance in terms of CP characteristics. Finally, the proposed antenna is tuned to obtain the CP characteristics in the desired band ranging from 23.2 GHz to 27 GHz with 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 3.8 GHz. It offers a maximum gain of -4.5 dBi and wide angular range coverage (HPBW>75° in both E and H-plane). The standard CMOS process with only one level of mask (metal patterning) is used to realize the designed antenna. Compact in size of 3.8 mm × 4 mm × 0.678 mm, simple design layout, and its performance make the antenna as a suitable candidate for system-on-chip (SoC) application.

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Section: Gain Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 24 GHz Circularly Polarized On-chip Antenna for Short-Range Communication Application

et al. 2022

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“…Though all the performance parameters can be achieved individually, maintaining a large bandwidth for all of them simultaneously can be challenging because of their interdependencies and tradeoffs, making the design a multidimensional optimization problem. Considerable research efforts have been made to tackle these design challenges of mmWave 5G phased arrays [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], summarized and compared in Table 1. However, most works have focused on only one or two performance parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wideband and Wide Beam Scanning Dual-Polarized Phased Array Antenna-in-Package Design for 5G Applications

Zhang,

Shamim

2024

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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Millimeter (mmWave) 5G phased arrays require multiple simultaneous features for reliable high data-rate communication. However, it is challenging to simultaneously achieve a true wideband operation for all parameters due to mutual coupling and grating lobe issues. A 5 × 5-stacked patch rectangular phased array was designed and fabricated in a 15-layer low-temperature co-firing ceramic (LTCC) substrate. This work utilized multiple design strategies, such as employing stacked patch topology, electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures, and the rotation of elements to obtain a true wideband performance. The single element of the phased array was a dual linear polarized stacked patch antenna with notched corners. Compared to a standard patch antenna, the bandwidth was enhanced by 15.3%. The undesired mutual coupling between elements was minimized by rotating nearby elements and introducing EBG structures between the adjacent elements. A wideband beamforming network composed of a Rotman lens and a 5-way Wilkinson power divider (WPD) was also designed and fabricated. The proposed phased array achieved 6 GHz of bandwidth, covering 24 to 30 GHz and achieving a maximum gain of 17.5 dBi and a wide beam-scanning range from -50 to +50 degrees. This work also introduced a figure of merit (FoM) based on all critical performance parameters for objective comparison with state-of-the-art designs. The proposed design achieved the highest FoM (0.451), whereas most similar 5G phased array designs achieved much lower FoM value.INDEX TERMS phased array; low-temperature co-firing ceramic; beam scanning; millimeter 5G

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“…However, a major issue is the low gain and radiation efficiency because of the low resistivity (~10 Ω-cm) of the silicon (Si) substrate used in conventional CMOS processes [2,3]. In addition, the Si substrate has a high dielectric constant (~11.9) and is relatively thick, which couples most of the electromagnetic power into the substrate while exciting surface waves [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Performance of Antenna-on-Chip by Effectively Illuminating the Artificial Magnetic Conductors Through Coupling Enhancement Structures

Akhter

Shamim

2023

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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An antenna-on-chip (AoC) suffers from low radiation efficiency and gain because of the highly conductive silicon substrate used in standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes. Placing an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface underneath the AoC not only isolates the antenna from the lossy substrate but also boosts its performance through in-phase reflection. Ideally, the AMC, which has a periodic structure, should be infinite in size, but practical chip sizes limit its dimensions. The gain of an AMC-backed AoC shows a positive correlation with the AMC lateral area. However, in the ultrathin stack-up of standard CMOS processes, the AMC cannot be irradiated uniformly by the antenna because of the physical illumination issue, so the AoC gain does not increase with the AMC area after the initial increase. To improve the illumination of the AMC by an AoC, this work introduces coupling enhancement structures (CES) that employ the available metal layers of the stack-up. The proposed AMC-backed AoC with CES demonstrates a gain of 9.8 dBi and radiation efficiency of 71% at 94 GHz, which are improvements of 4.3 dB in gain and 23% in radiation efficiency, respectively, compared to an AoC backed by a conventional AMC.

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On-chip antenna: challenges and design considerations

Cited by 7 publications

References 60 publications

A 24 GHz Circularly Polarized On-chip Antenna for Short-Range Communication Application

A 24 GHz Circularly Polarized On-chip Antenna for Short-Range Communication Application

Wideband and Wide Beam Scanning Dual-Polarized Phased Array Antenna-in-Package Design for 5G Applications

Improving the Performance of Antenna-on-Chip by Effectively Illuminating the Artificial Magnetic Conductors Through Coupling Enhancement Structures

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