On-Chip Double Emulsion Droplet Assembly Using Electrowetting-on-Dielectric and Dielectrophoresis

Wang, W.; Jones, Thomas B.; Harding, D. R.

doi:10.13182/fst59-240

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…892 In another approach, the science of microfluidics is used to make the foam shells. 893,894 Electric fields are used to dispense, create, and manipulate minute oil and water droplets to produce a spherically concentric layer, which can then be polymerized with heat or light. The step in which the foam shell is formed is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Target Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

et al. 2015

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The direct-drive, laser-based approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is reviewed from its inception following the demonstration of the first laser to its implementation on the present generation of high-power lasers. The review focuses on the evolution of scientific understanding gained from target-physics experiments in many areas, identifying problems that were demonstrated and the solutions implemented. The review starts with the basic understanding of laser–plasma interactions that was obtained before the declassification of laser-induced compression in the early 1970s and continues with the compression experiments using infrared lasers in the late 1970s that produced thermonuclear neutrons. The problem of suprathermal electrons and the target preheat that they caused, associated with the infrared laser wavelength, led to lasers being built after 1980 to operate at shorter wavelengths, especially 0.35 μm—the third harmonic of the Nd:glass laser—and 0.248 μm (the KrF gas laser). The main physics areas relevant to direct drive are reviewed. The primary absorption mechanism at short wavelengths is classical inverse bremsstrahlung. Nonuniformities imprinted on the target by laser irradiation have been addressed by the development of a number of beam-smoothing techniques and imprint-mitigation strategies. The effects of hydrodynamic instabilities are mitigated by a combination of imprint reduction and target designs that minimize the instability growth rates. Several coronal plasma physics processes are reviewed. The two-plasmon–decay instability, stimulated Brillouin scattering (together with cross-beam energy transfer), and (possibly) stimulated Raman scattering are identified as potential concerns, placing constraints on the laser intensities used in target designs, while other processes (self-focusing and filamentation, the parametric decay instability, and magnetic fields), once considered important, are now of lesser concern for mainline direct-drive target concepts. Filamentation is largely suppressed by beam smoothing. Thermal transport modeling, important to the interpretation of experiments and to target design, has been found to be nonlocal in nature. Advances in shock timing and equation-of-state measurements relevant to direct-drive ICF are reported. Room-temperature implosions have provided an increased understanding of the importance of stability and uniformity. The evolution of cryogenic implosion capabilities, leading to an extensive series carried out on the 60-beam OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], is reviewed together with major advances in cryogenic target formation. A polar-drive concept has been developed that will enable direct-drive–ignition experiments to be performed on the National Ignition Facility [Haynam et al., Appl. Opt. 46(16), 3276 (2007)]. The advantages offered by the alternative approaches of fast ignition and shock ignition and the issues associated with these concepts are described. The lessons learned from target-physics and implosion experiments are taken into account in ignition and high-gain target designs for laser wavelengths of 1/3 μm and 1/4 μm. Substantial advances in direct-drive inertial fusion reactor concepts are reviewed. Overall, the progress in scientific understanding over the past five decades has been enormous, to the point that inertial fusion energy using direct drive shows significant promise as a future environmentally attractive energy source.

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Section: Target Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

et al. 2015

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“…An approach to mass production of the foam shells using the microfluidics devices in combination with an electric field is considering in the United States [69][70][71][72] and Japan [73] . The process of the shell fabrication uses programmable electronic circuity to manipulate the fluid droplet and transport targets.…”

Section: Mass Production Of the Spherical Foam Shellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on high repetition rate and mass production of the cryogenic targets for laser IFE

Александрова

Koresheva

2017

High Pow Laser Sci Eng

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In inertial fusion energy (IFE) research, a considerable attention has recently been focused on the issue of large target fabrication for MJ-class laser facilities. The ignition and high-gain target designs require a condensed uniform layer of hydrogen fuel on the inside of a spherical shell. In this report, we discuss the current status and further trends in the area of developing the layering techniques intended to produce ignition, and layering techniques proposed to high repetition rate and mass production of IFE targets.

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“…Usually, volume inaccuracy of less than ±5% is sufficient for most of the biomedical applications [28]. Although there are very few reports regarding volume accuracy in droplet dispensing, it is well known that the actual dispensed volume is usually larger than the predicted volume [29] due to the extra amount of liquid added by liquid tail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate, consistent, and fast droplet splitting and dispensing in electrowetting on dielectric digital microfluidics

Nikapitiya

Nahar

Moon

2017

Micro and Nano Syst Lett

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This letter reports two novel electrode design considerations to satisfy two very important aspects of EWOD operation-(1) Highly consistent volume of generated droplets and (2) Highly improved accuracy in the generated droplet volume. Considering the design principles investigated two novel designs were proposed; L-junction electrode design to offer high throughput droplet generation and Y-junction electrode design to split a droplet very fast while maintaining equal volume of each part. Devices of novel designs were fabricated and tested, and the results are compared with those of conventional approach. It is demonstrated that inaccuracy and inconsistency of droplet volume dispensed in the device with novel electrode designs are as low as 0.17 and 0.10%, respectively, while those of conventional approach are 25 and 0.76%, respectively. The dispensing frequency is enhanced from 4 to 9 Hz by using the novel design.

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On-Chip Double Emulsion Droplet Assembly Using Electrowetting-on-Dielectric and Dielectrophoresis

Cited by 30 publications

References 86 publications

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

Review on high repetition rate and mass production of the cryogenic targets for laser IFE

Accurate, consistent, and fast droplet splitting and dispensing in electrowetting on dielectric digital microfluidics

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