On-chip high ion sensitivity electrochromic nanophotonic light modulator

Hopmann, Eric; Elezzabi, A. Y.

doi:10.1039/d2nr00646d

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…(e) FESEM image of Silicon Nitride-based Na + -ion sensor. (f) Optical transmittance as a function of time and Na + concentration with calibration curve for ion sensing [ 107 ].…”

Section: Electrochromic Device Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…By means of device design, recently, Hopmann et al. offered an interesting solution to overcome the low optical transmission associated with mode metal electrodes coupling in EC-based optical waveguides ( Figure 10(e) and (f) ) [ 107 ]. Here, an EC WO 3 layer is sputtered onto a Silicon Nitride waveguide cladded by Silicon Oxide.…”

Section: Electrochromic Device Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in electrochromic device technology through the exploitation of nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic effects

Hopmann

Zhang

et al. 2023

Nanophotonics

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Research regarding electrochromic (EC) materials, such materials that change their color upon application of an electrochemical stimulus, has been conducted for centuries. However, most recently, increasing efforts have been put into developing novel solutions to utilize these on-off switching materials in advanced nanoplasmonic and nanophotonic devices. Due to the significant change in dielectric properties of oxides such as WO3, NiO, Mn2O3 and conducting polymers like PEDOT:PSS and PANI, EC materials have transcended beyond simple smart window applications and are now found in plasmonic devices for full-color displays and enhanced modulation transmission and photonic devices with ultra-high on-off ratios and sensing abilities. Advancements in nanophotonic ECDs have further decreased EC switching speed by several orders of magnitude, allowing integration in real-time measurement and lab-on-chip applications. The EC nature of such nanoscale devices promises low energy consumption with low operating voltages paired with bistability and long lifetimes. We summarize these novel approaches to EC device design, lay out the current short comings and draw a path forward for future utilization.

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“…(e) FESEM image of Silicon Nitride-based Na + -ion sensor. (f) Optical transmittance as a function of time and Na + concentration with calibration curve for ion sensing [ 107 ].…”

Section: Electrochromic Device Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochromic Device Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in electrochromic device technology through the exploitation of nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic effects

Hopmann

Zhang

et al. 2023

Nanophotonics

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“…[ 7 ] While already established in smart displays and windows, electrolyte‐controlled EC effects on waveguides recently received more attention for novel applications in photonics. [ 8 ] By coating optical waveguides with EC materials, the intensity modulation is mediated by the evanescent field which appears at the waveguide borders and interacts with the surrounding materials. Furthermore, previous reports showed that the intensity modulation of the guided light is additionally enhanced by surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, since reduction (coloring) and oxidation (bleaching) by ion migration leads to a conductivity change of the EC material, SPP excitations are switched on and off increasing the modulation effect on the guided light. [ 8,9 ] In the presented device described in Figure 1, we used PEDOT:PSS as the EC material deposited on a 40 μm wide and 5 μm high‐embedded SU‐8 waveguide. As shown in Figure 1b, both arms of the same Y‐branch were paired up together by an ion gel electrolyte, which allowed to address each arm exclusively with just one working electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binary Addressable Optical Multiplexing Waveguides via Electrochromic Switching

Rhim

Heyl

Busch

et al. 2023

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Photonic circuits attract much attention as promising candidates to overcome the drawbacks of their electronic counterparts. By utilizing the broad bandwidth and low energy consumption of optical communication, hybrid circuits can provide a comprehensive platform for the era beyond Moore's law. In particular, parallel matrix operations, the heavy lifting behind neural networks, remain challenging for traditional electronics due to high heat dissipation. To enable these parallel computations optically, (de‐)multiplexing is crucial to address the different channels. Previously this has been accomplished with complex spectral or time encodings in wave division or time division methods. However, herein, a simple method to address parallel optical channels exclusively with 2‐bit signals is presented. By using PEDOT:PSS as electrochromic material for intensity modulation, light transmission or absorption is controlled by oxidation and reduction with an electrolyte. Y‐branch structures are used to design the multiplexing layout and to assign the 2‐bit states to the channels. This binary addressable optical multiplexer, therefore, combines optical communication with electronic signals into a hybrid circuit.

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On-chip high ion sensitivity electrochromic nanophotonic light modulator

Abstract: Since the discovery of electrochromism, the prospect of employing various electrochromic materials for smart window glass, variable reflectivity mirrors, and large-area displays has been the main drive for such an...

Cited by 2 publications

References 38 publications

Advances in electrochromic device technology through the exploitation of nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic effects

Advances in electrochromic device technology through the exploitation of nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic effects

Binary Addressable Optical Multiplexing Waveguides via Electrochromic Switching

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