On‐Chip Ni–Zn Microbattery Based on Hierarchical Ordered Porous Ni@Ni(OH)₂ Microelectrode with Ultrafast Ion and Electron Transport Kinetics

Abstract

On-chip microbatteries have attracted growing attention due to their great feasibility for integration with miniaturized electronic devices. Nevertheless, it is difficult to get both high energy/power densities in microbatteries. An increase in the thickness of microelectrodes may help to boost the areal energy density of device, yet it often leads to terrible sacrifice in its power density due to the longer electron and ion diffusion distances. In this work, a quasi-solid-state on-chip Ni-Zn microbattery is designed based on a hierarchical ordered porous (HOP) Ni@Ni(OH) 2 microelectrode, which is developed by an in situ anodizing strategy. The fabricated microelectrode can optimize ion and electron transport simultaneously due to its interconnected ordered macropore-mesopore network and high electron conductivity. As the thickness of microelectrode increases, the areal energy density of HOP Ni@ Ni(OH) 2 microelectrode shows an ascending trend with negligible sacrifice in power density and rate performance. Impressively, this Ni-Zn microbattery achieves excellent energy/power densities (0.26 mW h cm −2 , 33.8 mW cm −2 ), outperforming most previous reported microenergy storage devices. This study may provide new direction in high-performance and highly safe microenergy storage units for next-generation highly integrated microelectronics.

Oxygen vacancies-rich cobalt-doped NiMoO4 nanosheets for high energy density and stable aqueous Ni-Zn battery

“…Theoretically, the mechanism of charge storage could be estimated according to the equation: i = aν b , where i is the peak current, ν is the scan rate, a and b are coefficients. The charge is stored dominantly determined by semi-infinite diffusion like batteries when b is 0.5, while the value of 1 means a surface-controlled mechanism [13,44]. The b values of anodic and cathodic peaks of CNMO-15 electrode were calculated to be 0.47 and 0.57, respectively (Fig.…”

“…However, the safety issues mainly caused by the unavoidable formation of lithium dendrite, as well as insufficient power density and high cost, severely hinder their further applications [4][5][6][7]. Alternatively, conventional aqueous alkaline rechargeable batteries with the merits of high safety, outstanding power density and abundant resources, have received much more attention recently, such as Ni-Fe [8,9], Ni-Co [10,11], Ni-Bi [7,12], and Ni-Zn batteries [13,14]. Particularly, the Ni-Zn batteries hold great promise in energy storage area because of their high output voltage (~1.8 V) compared with that of other aqueous batteries (most ≤ 1.2 V), abundant reserve of Zn, and low toxicity [15,16].…”

Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolytes for Zinc Ion Batteries: Mechanisms, Properties, and Perspectives

“…To solve this issue, a hierarchical structure could be applied to optimize ion and electron transports synchronously, providing large surface area for highly active material loading and high electron conductivity to promote electron transport. For example, Hao et al149 developed a quasi‐solid‐state on‐chip Ni–Zn microbattery, as shown in Figure 21c. A hierarchically ordered porous (HOP) Ni@Ni(OH) 2 microelectrode was prepared through in situ grown of Ni(OH) layer on the surface of HOP Ni/Ti–Au current collector.…”

“…e) Area capacities of the microelectrodes at different current densities. Reproduced with permission 149. Copyright 2019, WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.…”

Advances on three‐dimensional electrodes for micro‐supercapacitors: A mini‐review

“…From this point of view, future development of 3D electrodes based MSCs can borrow ideas from the leading-edge 3D MBs to some extent, of which their research and development have started relatively early and their micro-fabrication technology have already been highly advanced. 36,[81][82][83][84][85] Figure 4 exhibits some representative 3D electrodes based MSCs, which are of great potential to become promising 3D MSCs in the future. It is known that to maximize the energy density of MSCs, it is highly effective to increase the loading of electrode materials while reducing as much as possible the volumetric or areal capacity in the micro-device.…”