On-chip optical true time delay lines based on subwavelength grating waveguides

Wang, Yue; Sun, Hao; Khalil, Mostafa; Dong, Wei; Gasulla, Ivana; Capmany, J.; Chen, Lawrence R.

doi:10.1364/ol.414477

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…To solve this issue, optical true time delay line (OTTDL) has been in-troduced as an effective solution by steering the beam at a same angle for a wide bandwidth to salve the bandwidth limitation of traditional electronic phased array antennas. By controlling the phases and the amplitudes of OTTDL transmissions, it is possible to achieve beam steering and beam forming [14][15][16]31,42,44,45 , and satellite navigation communications and automotive ranging radars for Ku and K band have attracted people's attention. The present chip-scale programmable silicon photonic processor can be configured as 4-channel OTTDL for 18 GHz microwave signal and demonstrate the beamformer covering the Ku and K band.…”

Section: Tunable Delay Line and Microwave Photonic Beamformermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-loss chip-scale programmable silicon photonic processor

Xie¹,

Hong²,

Yan³

et al. 2023

OEA

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Chip-scale programmable optical signal processors are often used to flexibly manipulate the optical signals for satisfying the demands in various applications, such as lidar, radar, and artificial intelligence. Silicon photonics has unique advantages of ultra-high integration density as well as CMOS compatibility, and thus makes it possible to develop large-scale programmable optical signal processors. The challenge is the high silicon waveguides propagation losses and the high calibration complexity for all tuning elements due to the random phase errors. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a programmable silicon photonic processor for the first time by introducing low-loss multimode photonic waveguide spirals and low-random-phase-error Mach-Zehnder switches. The present chip-scale programmable silicon photonic processor comprises a 1×4 variable power splitter based on cascaded Mach-Zehnder couplers (MZCs), four Ge/Si photodetectors, four channels of thermally-tunable optical delaylines. Each channel consists of a continuously-tuning phase shifter based on a waveguide spiral with a micro-heater and a digitally-tuning delayline realized with cascaded waveguide-spiral delaylines and MZSs for 5.68 ps time-delay step. Particularly, these waveguide spirals used here are designed to be as wide as 2 μm, enabling an ultralow propagation loss of 0.28 dB/cm. Meanwhile, these MZCs and MZ-Ss are designed with 2-μm-wide arm waveguides, and thus the random phase errors in the MZC/MZS arms are negligible, in which case the calibration for these MZSs/MZCs becomes easy and furthermore the power consumption for compensating the phase errors can be reduced greatly. Finally, this programmable silicon photonic processor is demonstrated successfully to verify a number of distinctively different functionalities, including tunable time-delay, microwave photonic beamforming, arbitrary optical signal filtering, and arbitrary waveform generation.

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Section: Tunable Delay Line and Microwave Photonic Beamformermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since each channel of the 4channel OTTDL haves 5-bit delay states, there are 2 5 delay states available flexibly by controlling the MZSs. For the 18 GHz microwave photonic beamformer, the minimum delay time Δτ is given by 16…”

Section: Tunable Delay Line and Microwave Photonic Beamformermentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-loss chip-scale programmable silicon photonic processor

Xie¹,

Hong²,

Yan³

et al. 2023

OEA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The basic element of the photonic integrated circuit (PIC), which is essential for fulfilling beamsteering, is the delay line (DL). The DL can be implemented using Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI), 4-6 photonic crystals (PC), 7,8 integrated Bragg gratings (IBG), [9][10][11][12] microring resonators (MRR), 3,13,14 and arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG). Thus, the proposed PIC design for beamsteering contains the following elements: Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), couplers, splitters, and delay lines based on MZI.…”

Section: The Approaches To Implement Ttd Based On the Photonic Integr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic integrated circuit model for phased antenna array beam steering

Stepanov,

Ivanov,

Lopukhova

et al. 2023

Optical Technologies for Telecommunications 2022

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The up-to-the-date electrical systems for beamsteering of the phased antenna arrays are widely used; however, possessing significant drawbacks, including high losses, electromagnetic interference, and high power consumption. To overcome these challenges, microwave photonic systems, both discrete and integrated, have demonstrated outstanding potential. In this context, we discuss the two primary methods for beamsteering, i.e., true time delay (TTD) and phase shift (PS). This paper provides simulation results for a four-channel photonic integrated circuit (PIC) for beamsteering based on the TTD method. The PIC design could be implemented on any fabrication platform. The results demonstrate the approach's feasibility and its potential to improve the performance of phased array antenna systems.

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“…In 2020, they demonstrated a discretely tunable TTD using a serial array of 10 SWG waveguide BGs with a total time delay ∼60 ps in steps of ∼6.6 ps over an operating bandwidth of 41.7 nm [154]. Later in 2021, they extended it to 40 SWG waveguides in SOI and showed that by controlling the duty cycles, an average incremental delay of 4.7 ps and a total delay between the first and last waveguides of approximately 181.9 ps can be obtained [161].…”

Section: Waveguide Bragg Gratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic Beamforming for 5G and Beyond: A Review of True Time Delay Devices Enabling Ultra-Wideband Beamforming for mmWave Communications

2022

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The next generations of wireless communications are promising high capacity, low latency, and high throughput, enabled by millimeter wave spectrum. Beamforming and beam steering are key requirements for millimeter wave systems due to the fundamental limitations of such high frequencies. Traditional phased array antennas are narrow band and conventional beamforming techniques are too bulky, energy hungry, and expensive to integrate into consumer electronics. Therefore, new approaches of beamforming and beamsteering are required for 5G and beyond due to shortcomings of existing technologies. Here we present a comprehensive review of the photonic true time delay units for application in beamforming of next generations of wireless communications. The prospects and progress of several photonic techniques are discussed here along with their challenges. The fundamental focus of this endeavor will be on the on-chip Silicon-on-Insulator based approaches which enable utilizing conventional CMOS fabrication process for integration with other optical components for compact photonic integrated circuit.

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On-chip optical true time delay lines based on subwavelength grating waveguides

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Low-loss chip-scale programmable silicon photonic processor

Low-loss chip-scale programmable silicon photonic processor

Photonic integrated circuit model for phased antenna array beam steering

Photonic Beamforming for 5G and Beyond: A Review of True Time Delay Devices Enabling Ultra-Wideband Beamforming for mmWave Communications

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