1998
DOI: 10.1029/98jd01827
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On cloud radar and microwave radiometer measurements of stratus cloud liquid water profiles

Abstract: Abstract. We show a method for determining stratus cloud liquid water profiles using a microwave radiometer and cloud radar. This method is independent of the radar calibration and the cloud-droplet size distribution provided that the sixth moment of the size distribution can be related to the square of the third moment. We have calculated these moments with a wide variety of in situ measurements and show that this is a reasonable assumption. Examples of droplet distributions that meet this requirement are the… Show more

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Cited by 124 publications
(160 citation statements)
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“…For V < 0.5 cm, the V retrievals using Rosenkranz98 may be more than 10% lower than those retrieved using Liebe91. Uncertainties in the retrieved liquid water path (LWP) have a significant impact on cloud microphysical retrievals that combine radar and MWR measurements to determine profiles of liquid water content and cloud droplet effective radius [e.g., Frisch et al, 1998]. For microphysical retrievals of single phase liquid clouds, a 20% error in LWP would lead to errors of 20% and --•8% in Oz.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For V < 0.5 cm, the V retrievals using Rosenkranz98 may be more than 10% lower than those retrieved using Liebe91. Uncertainties in the retrieved liquid water path (LWP) have a significant impact on cloud microphysical retrievals that combine radar and MWR measurements to determine profiles of liquid water content and cloud droplet effective radius [e.g., Frisch et al, 1998]. For microphysical retrievals of single phase liquid clouds, a 20% error in LWP would lead to errors of 20% and --•8% in Oz.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is mainly because the liquid water content (LWC, proportional to the third moment of the droplet spectrum) of BL clouds is dominated by small (diameter < 40 µm) cloud droplets, whereas the radar backscatter signal (Z, proportional to the sixth moment of the droplet spectrum) is dominated by drizzle when present (Fox and Illingworth, 1997). Nevertheless, several retrieval techniques have been developed that use millimetre radar-only measurements or combine radar with microwave radiometer measurements (Atlas, 1954;Frisch et al, 1998Frisch et al, , 2002Williams and Vivekanandan, 2007;Brandau et al, 2010;Ellis and Vivekanandan, 2011) to retrieve LWC and/or cloud effective radius. Most of these retrievals assume monomodal size distributions, which are usually described through a log-normal or a modified gamma distribution.…”
Section: Boundary Layer Cloudsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The potential of using millimeter wavelength radar to observe clouds has been recognized for a few decades (Hobbs et al, 1985;Lhermitte, 1987;Frisch et al, 1995Frisch et al, , 1998Kollias, et al, 2005;Matrosov, 2005). The theory of cloud detection by millimeter radar can be found in Doviak and Zrnic (1993) and Clothiaux et al (1995) and is briefly introduced below.…”
Section: Background Of Warm Cloud Microphysics Retrievalmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several algorithms have been developed that use not only cloud radar observations but also passive observations to retrieve microphysical properties of clouds. Among them are the algorithms of Frisch et al (1995Frisch et al ( , 1998 and Löhnert et al (2001) that use column-integrated cloud LWP together with millimeter cloud radar reflectivity to constrain cloud microphysical retrievals. There are also algorithms that use the solar transmission as additional independent information to constrain cloud microphysical retrievals (Dong et al, 1997(Dong et al, , 1998Mace and Sassen, 2000).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%