“…A power-law distribution, which is well supported experimentally and in field observations (Sammis, King and Biegel, 1987;Turcotte, 1986) is typically chosen. Using the thermodynamic principles of constitutive modelling, Breakage Mechanics models can be defined which range from simple models drawing analogies with fracture mechanics (Einav, 2007c,d) to models that describe granular mixtures (Einav and Valdes, 2008), large flow problems (Zhang, 2012;Zhang, Einav and Nguyen, 2012), the energetics of cataclasis (Einav and Nguyen, 2008;Nguyen and Einav, 2009), the formation of compaction bands (Das, 2013;Das, Nguyen andEinav, 2011, 2013), partial saturation effects (Buscarnera and Einav, 2012), inter-particle cementation effects (Das et al, 2014;Tengattini, 2015;Tengattini, Das and Einav, 2014;Tengattini et al, 2014), coupling with fracture mechanics (Zhang andBuscarnera, 2014, 2015;Zhang, Buscarnera and Einav, 2016), shock loading conditions (Herbold, Homel and Rubin, 2020), and the non-unique dependence of critical state on porosity (Tengattini, Das and Einav, 2016). Of particular note is a formulation of Breakage mechanics in a non-local continuum (Nguyen and Einav, 2010).…”