“…For long nucleotide sequences of single-stranded DNA, the second Chargaff's rule is well known, which states that in such sequences the amount of guanine G is approximately equal to the amount of cytosine C and the amount of adenine A is approximately equal to the amount of thymine T. Many authors have devoted their works to the analysis and discussion of this rule (see, for example, [Fimmel, Gumbel, Karpuzoglu, Petoukhov, 2019;Prabhu, 1993;Rapoport, Trifonov, 2012;Rosandic, Vlahovic, Gluncic, Paar, 2016;Shporer, Chor, Rosset, and Horn, 2016;Yamagishi, 2017]). According to [Albrecht-Buehler, 2006], this rule applies to the eukaryotic chromosomes, the bacterial chromosomes, the double-stranded DNA viral genomes, and the archaeal chromosomes provided they are long enough.…”