On COVID-19 outburst and smart city/urban system connection: worldwide sharing of data principles with the collaboration of IoT devices and AI to help urban healthiness supervision and monitoring

Abstract

Every one of us knows about the rise of Coronavirus (COVID-19) from Wuhan (China) and its effects into nearby states and further motherlands, increased domestic and worldwide methods are being occupied to contain the outburst. In terms of Economic and Social point of view, it directly disturbs the metropolitan markets on a high level by engaging all the capitals and towns in a lock-down situation. It’s also highlighted if this situation increases in different countries then it can lead in a direction to world-wide health disaster and in many accommodations as well. Be that as it may, while compelling conventions concerning the sharing of good information is underscored, urban information, then again, explicitly identifying with urban well-being and safe city ideas, is still seen from a patriot point of view as exclusively profiting a country's economy and its monetary and political impact. This article will explore the new and better universal understandings and also shows how smart city/urban systems be able to improve uniform procedures for bigger data sharing in the time of tragedies.

Multi-modal deep learning methods for classification of chest diseases using different medical imaging and cough sounds

“…The term chest disease is used to represent a wide variety of medical conditions that affect the thoracic region, which includes organs that are needed for breathing and circulation [ 12 – 16 ]. PNEU leads to inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs and is typically brought on by bacteria [ 5 ], viruses [ 6 ], or fungi [ 17 , 25 – 32 ]. It can be fatal if left untreated.…”

“…Combining the results of many CXRs taken at different angles, as is done during a CT scan of the chest, a more complete image of the lungs may be obtained. CXR exams had a lower success rate in the early stages of COVID-19 and other chest diseases such as LC, PNEU, and TB sickness identification in comparison to CT scans, which had a greater success rate in the early stages of COVID-19 and other chest diseases [31][32][33]. They have been used in the diagnosis of the ailment as well as the tracking of its progression [31].…”

“…They have been used in the diagnosis of the ailment as well as the tracking of its progression [31]. According to the findings of a study [32], more than seventy percent of patients with RT-PCR-confirmed cases of COVID-19 have ground-glass opacities, vascular enlargement, bilateral abnormalities, lower lobe involvement, and posterior inclination on their chest CT scans. According to studies [33][34][35], patients with COVID-19 have ground-glass opacities in the disease's early stages, and they have lung consolidation in their later stages.…”

DMFL_Net: A Federated Learning-Based Framework for the Classification of COVID-19 from Multiple Chest Diseases Using X-rays

“…Most of the studies [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] used a technique of aggregation, such as aggregation scheduling [ 20 ], asynchronous aggregation [ 21 ], and selective aggregation [ 14 ]. Moreover, compression techniques are employed to lower the model’s communication expenses between clients and servers communicate parameters and gradients to the central server [ 29 ]. In addition, ways of communication that are offered to enhance the effectiveness of communication include the over-the-air calculating approach [ 26 ] and the multichannel random access communication mechanism [ 29 ].…”

“…Moreover, compression techniques are employed to lower the model’s communication expenses between clients and servers communicate parameters and gradients to the central server [ 29 ]. In addition, ways of communication that are offered to enhance the effectiveness of communication include the over-the-air calculating approach [ 26 ] and the multichannel random access communication mechanism [ 29 ]. The effectiveness of communication was one of the primary motivations behind the development of both of these approaches.…”