On Detecting Nonlinear Noncompensatory Judgment Strategies: Comparison of Alternative Regression Models

Ganzach, Yoav; Czaczkes, Benjamin

doi:10.1006/obhd.1995.1013

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…An alternative explanation is that if one of the practices does not reach a perceptual hurdle, it fails to provide the flanking effect needed to achieve synergy. This explanation is consistent with nonlinear models, such as the conjunctive model, which have been formulated to represent hurdles or minimum criteria in a judgment, decision, or evaluation (Elrod et al 2004, Ganzach andCzaczkes 1995). Our study did not focus on identifying perceptual hurdles or explaining what leads an IT professional to perceive that the HRM practices have exceeded their perceptual hurdles.…”

Section: Implications For Researchsupporting

confidence: 54%

Synergy and Its Limits in Managing Information Technology Professionals

Ferratt

Prasad

Enns

2012

Information Systems Research

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W e examine the effects of human resource management (HRM) practices (e.g., career development, social support, compensation, and security) on information technology (IT) professionals' job search behavior. Job search is a relatively novel dependent variable in studies of voluntary withdrawal behavior in general and for IT professionals in particular. From a universalistic perspective, HRM practices individually and in combination exhibit independently additive effects on job search behavior. Our study contrasts this perspective with configurational theory, hypothesizing that proposed ideal-type configurations of HRM practices have synergistic effects on job search behavior. We contribute to the IT and broader HRM literature by theoretically explicating and empirically demonstrating with IT professionals the power of configurational theory to explain the relationship between HRM practices and job search behavior. Our empirical results show that two configurations of HRM practices-Human Capital Focused (HCF) and Task Focused (TF), which are high and low on all HRM practices, respectively-exhibit a synergistic relationship with the job search behavior of IT professionals. HCF has lower job search behavior than would be expected based on the independently additive effects of the HRM practices, whereas TF has correspondingly higher job search behavior. Our results also show that less than perfect horizontal fit detracts from the synergy of these extreme configurations. Just as importantly, several other nonextreme configurations of HRM practices exhibit independently additive effects for the HRM practices but not synergy, suggesting that synergy is limited to extreme configurations. We also discuss a number of implications for research and practice.

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Section: Implications For Researchsupporting

confidence: 54%

Synergy and Its Limits in Managing Information Technology Professionals

Ferratt

Prasad

Enns

2012

Information Systems Research

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“…This is due to the fact that the typical method of inductive inference in lens modeling is linear regression and correlation. Therefore, while approximations to noncompensatory rules have been constructed (Einhorn, 1970;Ganzach & Czaczkes, 1995), their direct use within the lens model equation has not been investigated.…”

Section: Figure 1 Lens Model With Labeled Statistical Parameters [Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferring rule-based strategies in dynamic judgment tasks: Towards a noncompensatory formulation of the lens model

Rothrock¹,

Kirlik²

2003

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. Performers in time-stressed, information-rich tasks develop rule-based, simplification strategies to cope with the severe cognitive demands imposed by judgment and decision making. Linear regression modeling, proven useful for describing judgment in a wide range of static tasks, may provide misleading accounts of these heuristics. That approach assumes cue-weighting and cue-integration are well described by compensatory strategies. In contrast, evidence suggests that heuristic strategies in dynamic tasks may instead reflect rule-based, noncompensatory cue usage. We therefore present a technique, called Genetics-Based Policy Capturing (GBPC), for inferring noncompensatory, rule-based heuristics from judgment data, as an alternative to regression. In GBPC, rule-base representation and search uses a genetic algorithm, and fitting the model to data uses multi-objective optimization to maximize fit on three dimensions: a) completeness (all human judgments are represented); b) specificity (maximal concreteness); and c) parsimony (no unnecessary rules are used). GBPC is illustrated using data from the highest and lowest scoring participants in a simulated dynamic, combat information center (CIC) task. GBPC inferred rule-bases for these two performers that shed light on both skill and error. We compare the GBPC results with regression-based Lens Modeling of the same data set, and discuss how the GBPC results allowed us to interpret the high scoring performer's highly significant use of unmodeled knowledge (C=1) revealed by Lens Model analysis. The GBPC findings also allow us to now interpret a similarly high use of unmodeled knowledge (C=1) in a previously published Lens Model analysis of a different data set collected in the same experimental task. We conclude by discussing training implications, and also prospects for the development of integrated GBPC models of both human judgment and the task environment, thus providing a noncompensatory formulation of the Lens Model (a Genetics-Based Lens Model, or GBLM) of the integrated human-environment system. SUBJECT TERMS ABSTRACTPerformers in time-stressed, information-rich tasks develop rule-based, simplification strategies to cope with the severe cognitive demands ...

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“…In particular, it may be a good approximation of rank-dependent judgments-judgments in which the weight of a cue depends on its rank vis-a-vis the other cues. Note that while there are configural models that directly represent rank-dependent judgments (e.g., Birnbaum & Stegner, 1979;Ganzach & Czaczkes, 1995), in the presence of multicollinearity, there are statistical advantages for using a multiplicative function (Edwards & Van Harrison, 1993).…”

Section: Naresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Configurality in judgment: Is it a bias?

Ganzach

1997

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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Past research has shown that the relationship between cue and judgment often depends on the level of other cues (configural relationship). It is not clear, however, if this relationship is environmentally appropriate, To examine this issue, I compare configural models of the judgment with configural models of the criterion associated with this judgment, Twodatabases are analyzed. In one, the cues are the parents' educational level, the judgment is the educational expectations of the child, and the criterion is the actual educational achievement. In the other, the cues are the MMPI scores of psychiatric patients, the judgment is the clinical psychologists' estimation of the degree of pathology, and the criterion is the actual pathology. The analysis of both databases revealed that configurality characterizes the judgment but not the criterion.The term configurality in judgment refers to a cuejudgment relationship in which the impact of a cue on the judgment depends on the level of other cues. Many studies have found configurality in judgment, primarily in two areas: subjective utility and social judgment. Thus, in integrating the values of possible outcomes of a lottery, the subjective weight of each outcome often depends on the values of the other outcomes (e.g., Luce & Fishburn, 1990;Mellers, Chang, Birnbaum, & Ordonez, 1992;Tversky & Kahneman, 1992); and in integrating the values of various attributes of an object, the weight of each attribute depends on the values ofthe other attributes (e.g., Birnbaum & Stegner, 1979;Skowronski & Carlston, 1989).The term configurality in the criterion refers to a cuecriterion relationship in which the impact of a cue on the criterion depends on the level of other cues. While many studies have examined configurality in judgment, only a handful have examined configurality in criteria, and none of them support the notion that important real-life criteria are configural (e.g., Dawes & Corrigan, 1974;Goldberg, 1965).The difference between previous studies concerning configurality in judgment and previous studies concerning configurality in the criterion suggests that configurality may be a characteristic of the judgment but not of the criterion. However, none of these previous studies asked whether configurality in judgment is environmentally appropriate. To answer this question, one needs to examine simultaneously whether configurality describes the relationships between cues and judgment and the relationships between cues and the criterion associated with the judgment. Thus, the major purpose ofthis paper is to compare configural aspects ofjudgments (e.g.,judg-The author would like to thank Yaacov Schul and Avi Kluger for many helpful discussions. Correspondence should be addressed to Y. Ganzach, Faculty of Management, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978 (e-mail: yoavgn@post.tau.ac.il). ment of behavior) with configural aspects of the criteria associated with them (e.g., actual behavior).In the studies reported below, I examine examples that represent the most simple c...

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On Detecting Nonlinear Noncompensatory Judgment Strategies: Comparison of Alternative Regression Models

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Synergy and Its Limits in Managing Information Technology Professionals

Synergy and Its Limits in Managing Information Technology Professionals

Inferring rule-based strategies in dynamic judgment tasks: Towards a noncompensatory formulation of the lens model

Configurality in judgment: Is it a bias?

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