On Efficient Distribution of Data in Multicast Networks: QoS in Scalable Networks

Small-world optimization based QoS multicast routing scheme with ABC supported

“…In [6], a QoS-aware algorithm is proposed to find the multicast routing tree by constructing the constraint vector with the parallel multiple paths searching. In [7], a heuristic QoS multicast routing algorithm is presented. It adopts distributed computing and routing label.…”

“…In [9], a distributed QoS multicast routing protocol is proposed to build the end-to-end delay, error rate and bandwidth constrained multicast tree. However, the algorithms proposed in [6][7][8][9] do not take the link state and the user QoS requirement imprecision into account and the utility optimization is not considered either. In [10], a multi-constrained QoS multicast routing algorithm under the inaccurate information is introduced.…”

A Fuzzy Integral and Game Theory Based QoS Multicast Routing Scheme

“…QoS组播路由是NGI必备的基本能力之一,已证明是NP完全的 [3] .目前,已经提出了很多种启发式或智能 QoS组播路由算法.Li等人 [3] 设计了一种QoS感知型算法,通过并行多路径搜索构造约束向量,完成组播路由树 构建,算法开销较低.Lowu [4] 提出一种启发式QoS组播路由算法,通过分布式计算与路由标记,降低了算法的时间 复杂度.但是,文献 [3,4]中的算法都未充分考虑网络状态不精确与双方效用优化.Wang等人 [5] 提出一种非精确信 息下多QoS约束组播路由算法,采用改进的Bellman-Ford算法作为路径搜索算法,实现了非精确状态下的组播路 由.Li等人 [6] 使用概率论基于遗传算法,求解非精确信息下QoS组播路由问题,得到优化的组播路由树.Chen等人 [7] 使用模糊集描述链路非精确状态,引入模糊测度与遗传算法构建组播路由树,提高了解的质量.但是,文献 [5−7]中的算法均只考虑了如何满足用户QoS约束,尚未考虑如何实现双方效用双赢.Crichigno等人 [8] 通过 SPEA(strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm)算法构建Pareto最优树,但只考虑了用户效用,未兼顾网络提供方.…”