On energy, exergy, and environmental aspects of a combined gas-steam cycle for heat and power generation undergoing a process of retrofitting by steam injection

Ziółkowski, Paweł; Kowalczyk, Tomasz; Lemański, M.; Badur, Janusz

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.04.033

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…As examples, studies by Li et al (2013) [41], Gong et al (2019) [57], Shen et al (2019) [58], and Zhao et al (2019) [33] delivered important findings related to the potential reduction in energy consumption as a result of optimized SC operation, while Chen et al (2020) [62], Geng et al (2020) [59], and Dai et al (2021) [53] explored both energy efficiency and CO 2 emissions aspects. This is in line with recent developments in industrial processes and energy systems optimization [63,64], where the calculation of CO 2 emissions is a widely adopted means of assessing the environmental impact [52,65]; only rarely supplemented by calculation of other GHG emissions [66,67] or expressed via CO 2 equivalent [68,69]. The analysis of GHGs other than CO 2 is, on the other hand, common in the evaluation and optimization of combustion processes and power plants [70,71].…”

Section: Contribution Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 60%

Energy and Environmental Assessment of Steam Management Optimization in an Ethylene Plant

Variny

Hanus²,

Blahušiak³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Steam crackers (ethylene plants) belong to the most complex industrial plants and offer significant potential for energy-saving translated into the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Steam export to or import from adjacent units or complexes can boost the associated financial benefit, but its energy and environmental impact are questionable. A study was carried out on a medium-capacity ethylene plant using field data to: 1. Estimate the energy savings potential achievable by optimizing internal steam management and optimizing steam export/import; 2. Quantify the associated change in air pollutant emissions; 3. Analyze the impact of the increasing carbon price on the measures adopted. Internal steam management optimization yielded steam let-down rate minimization and resulted in a 5% (87 TJ/year) reduction in steam cracker’s steam boiler fuel consumption and the associated cut of CO2 emissions by almost 4900 t/year and that of NOx emissions by more than 5 t/year. Steam import to the ethylene plant from the refinery proved to be purely economic-driven, as it increased the net fuel consumption of the ethylene plant and the refinery complex by 12 TJ/year and resulted in an increase of net emissions of nearly all considered air pollutants (more than 7000 t/year of CO2, over 15 t/year of NOx, over 18 t/year of SOx) except for CO, where the net change was almost zero. The effect of external emissions change due to the associated backpressure electricity production surplus (over 11 GWh/year) was too low to compensate for this increase unless fossil fuel-based electricity production was considered. The increase of carbon price impact on the internal steam management optimization economics was favorable, while a switch to steam export from the ethylene plant, instead of steam import, might be feasible if the carbon price increased to over 100 €/tCO2.

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Section: Contribution Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 60%

Energy and Environmental Assessment of Steam Management Optimization in an Ethylene Plant

Variny

Hanus²,

Blahušiak³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Cheap fuels of reasonable quality (such as dry biomass or waste fraction) can, however, be used in smaller boilers after a cheap retrofit or boiler replacement [61][62][63]. However, only a retrofit coupled with topping unit installation increases the plant's capacity and improves its flexibility, both being valuable assets making this means of repowering especially interesting for industrial CHPs [64]. Among topping units, gas turbines (GTs) are of highest relevance to industrial application.…”

Section: Repowering Of Thermal Power Plants and Industrialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repowering Industrial Combined Heat and Power Units: a Contribution to Cleaner Energy Production

Variny¹,

Kšiňanová²

2022

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Repowering of industrial combined heat and power units allows reducing industrial greenhouse gases emissions. An existing industrial unit served as model in the gas turbines-based repowering study, aiming at fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions reduction. Following unit's model setup and verification, two conservative repowering options (hot windbox and separate gas turbine + heat recovery steam generator) were assessed from economic, energetic, and environmental point of view, including seasonal impact. Hot windbox option leads to annual power production increase by 14.3% (72.8 GWh/year), accompanied by carbon dioxide emissions reduction by 3.9 % (29.5 ktons/year) compared to the base case. The second option delivered more significant power production increase (+261.9 to +298.6 GWh/year) with CO 2 emissions, either slightly higher (+1.5 %) or modestly lower (-4.0%), than in base case depending on heat recovery efficiency from gas turbine exhaust. Both options show feasible economics with simple payback period as low as four years under favorable combination of fuel and electricity prices and CO 2 costs. External CO 2 emissions change due to the change in unit's power production further reduces the total CO 2 emissions, strongly depending on the applied power production emission factor.

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“…The overall defi nition of any control volume or system exergy effi ciency, according to [36,37] is:…”

Section: General Equations For the Thermodynamic Analysis Of Any Contmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Low-Power Steam Turbine With One Extraction for Marine Applications

et al. 2020

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The paper presents thermodynamic (energy and exergy) analysis of low-power steam turbine with one extraction for marine applications. Analyzed steam turbine is divided in two parts-High Pressure (HP) part before steam extraction and Low Pressure (LP) part after steam extraction. Analysis shows that HP turbine part produces the majority of cumulative turbine power and consequentially has higher mechanical, energy and exergy losses when compared to LP turbine part. Regardless of heavier operating conditions, LP turbine part has higher effi ciencies and lower specifi c losses (in both energy and exergy analysis) when compared to HP turbine part. Whole analyzed turbine has energy and exergy effi ciencies equal to 62.84% and 65.58%, while energy and exergy turbine losses are 696.74 kW and 618.50 kW. Cumulative produced power at the turbine shaft outlet is equal to 1178.40 kW. Steam extraction which divides analyzed turbine on HP and LP part can deliver a notable amount of heat to any marine heat consumer, what represents a signifi cant advantage of observed turbine in comparison with similar low-power marine steam turbines which usually does not have steam extractions. Sažetak U radu je prikazana termodinamička (energijska i eksergijska) analiza parne turbine male snage s jednim oduzimanjem pare za primjenu u pomorstvu. Analizirana parna turbina podijeljena je u dva dijela-visokotlačni dio (HP) prije oduzimanja pare i niskotlačni dio (LP) nakon oduzimanja pare. Analiza pokazuje da visokotlačni dio proizvodi većinu snage turbine i posljedično ima veće mehaničke, energijske i eksergijske gubitke u usporedbi s niskotlačnim dijelom turbine. Bez obzira na teže radne uvjete, niskotlačni dio turbine ima veću učinkovitost i manje specifi čne gubitke (u energijskoj i eksergijskoj analizi) u usporedbi s visokotlačnim dijelom turbine. Cijela analizirana turbina ima energijsku i eksergijsku učinkovitost jednaku 62.84 % i 65.58 %, dok su gubici energije i eksergije turbine 696.74 kW i 618.50 kW. Kumulativna proizvedena snaga na izlazu turbinskog vratila jednaka je 1178.40 kW. Oduzimanjem pare kojim se analizirana turbina dijeli na visokotlačni i niskotlačni dio može se isporučiti značajna količina topline bilo kojem potrošaču topline u pomorskoj industriji, što predstavlja značajnu prednost promatrane turbine u usporedbi sa sličnim brodskim parnim turbinama male snage koje obično nemaju oduzimanje pare. KEY WORDS steam turbine low-power steam extraction marine applications thermodynamic analysis KLJUČNE RIJEČI parna turbina mala snaga oduzimanje pare primjena u pomorstvu termodinamička analiza

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On energy, exergy, and environmental aspects of a combined gas-steam cycle for heat and power generation undergoing a process of retrofitting by steam injection

Cited by 42 publications

References 40 publications

Energy and Environmental Assessment of Steam Management Optimization in an Ethylene Plant

Energy and Environmental Assessment of Steam Management Optimization in an Ethylene Plant

Repowering Industrial Combined Heat and Power Units: a Contribution to Cleaner Energy Production

Analysis of Low-Power Steam Turbine With One Extraction for Marine Applications

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