On experimental setup in bioelectromagnetics

Abstract

Bioeffects created by electromagnetic field (EMF) are the subject of intensive studies. This paper critically considers estimations of exposure to EMF in bioelectromagnetic experiments. Results of calculations presented herein show the significant role of the presence of conducting bodies (the exposure system) near an object under test on EMF energy absorption as well as mutual interactions between simultaneously exposed objects. Our aims herein are twofold: firstly to find a way to refer measurement results to free-space conditions in order to enable comparison of results obtained in different laboratories, and secondly to show that EMF energy absorption in any exposed object is different and that this difference is a function of the size of the exposure system, the number of exposed objects, and the particular properties (i.e., the electromagnetic structure) of the objects. In the authors' opinion the existence of interactions caused by the presence of the exposure system and other exposed objects is a reason why remarkable differences are observed between experiments performed even under supposedly identical conditions. The presented considerations and conclusion suggest wider participation of physicists and engineers in bioelectromagnetic experiments in order to ensure the correctness of metrological aspects of these experiments.

Uncertainity Analysis of Selected Sources of Errors in Bioelectromagnetic Investigations

“…The phenomenon of mutual reflections, mutual couplings and mutual impedances is well known in electromagnetics and it plays essential role in EM wave propagation and in antenna theory [5][6] [8]. Bioelectromagnetics are not an exception, where the phenomenon may be neglected.…”

A Human Body Model Exposed to a Cluster of Waves: A Statistical Study of Sar

“…This knowledge enables to finely simulate the wireless channel parameters which define the exposure conditions. Most of the numerical dosimetry studies [3][4][5][6][7][8] do not take into account the wireless channel modeling, especially the cluster concept, in order to assess exposure level. The aim of this paper is to fill in this gap.…”