“…It also took root in Han Chinese societies in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan (Chen 2008;Jones 2011;Smyer Yü 2012;Terrone 2012;Bianchi 2014;Sodargye and Smyer Yü 2017;Esler 2020;Jagou 2018Jagou , 2021. This paper focuses on one set of actors within this revitalization, namely, lay Han individuals (fojiao jushi 佛教居士) who practice Tibetan Buddhism in a community-based framework.5 Several works engage with the lived experiences of these practitioners and the material and spiritual exchanges between different segments of this broad group (Jones 2011(Jones , 2014Smyer Yü 2012;Esler 2020;Shmushko 2021). Also noteworthy are works of scholarship that discuss the predicament of lay Buddhism in the post-Mao era more generally (Fisher 2014(Fisher , 2020Ji and Zhang 2018).…”