On Facial Expertise: Processing Strategies of Twins' Parents

Sæther, Line; Laeng, Bruno

doi:10.1068/p5833

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Sensory systems need to effectively represent these stimuli according to perceptual categories, which are often defined through learning. For example, it has been shown that parents of identical twins learn to use subtle visual cues to discriminate between their own twin children, but the effect of this learning is highly specific and does not generalize to other twins (Sæther and Laeng, 2008). We consider the effect of learning on two factors related to the effectiveness of sensory representations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balancing the Robustness and Efficiency of Odor Representations during Learning

Chu

Komiyama

2016

Neuron

122

140

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Summary For reliable stimulus identification, sensory codes have to be robust by including redundancy to combat noise, but redundancy sacrifices coding efficiency. To address how experience affects the balance between the robustness and efficiency of sensory codes, we probed odor representations in the mouse olfactory bulb during learning over a week, using longitudinal two-photon calcium imaging. When mice learned to discriminate between two dissimilar odorants, responses of mitral cell ensembles to the two odorants gradually became less discrete, increasing the efficiency. In contrast, when mice learned to discriminate between two very similar odorants, the initially overlapping representations of the two odorants became progressively decorrelated, enhancing the robustness. Qualitatively similar changes were observed when the same odorants were experienced passively, a condition that would induce implicit perceptual learning. These results suggest that experience adjusts odor representations to balance the robustness and efficiency depending on the similarity of the experienced odorants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balancing the Robustness and Efficiency of Odor Representations during Learning

Chu

Komiyama

2016

Neuron

122

140

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“…While the ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is already generally developed at approximately age two [ 34 ], studies indicate that two-years old twins discriminate their own faces from the face of their co-twins only if exposed to the facial stimuli for a long period of time [ 35 ]. Recently, twins’ faces have been used as experimental visual stimuli [ 36 – 39 ], and twins have been employed as experimental subjects [ 39 – 42 ]. However, thus far no empirical evidence has been reported about the ability of adult twins to discriminate their own face from the face of his/her co-twin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is That Me or My Twin? Lack of Self-Face Recognition Advantage in Identical Twins

et al. 2015

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Despite the increasing interest in twin studies and the stunning amount of research on face recognition, the ability of adult identical twins to discriminate their own faces from those of their co-twins has been scarcely investigated. One’s own face is the most distinctive feature of the bodily self, and people typically show a clear advantage in recognizing their own face even more than other very familiar identities. Given the very high level of resemblance of their faces, monozygotic twins represent a unique model for exploring self-face processing. Herein we examined the ability of monozygotic twins to distinguish their own face from the face of their co-twin and of a highly familiar individual. Results show that twins equally recognize their own face and their twin’s face. This lack of self-face advantage was negatively predicted by how much they felt physically similar to their co-twin and by their anxious or avoidant attachment style. We speculate that in monozygotic twins, the visual representation of the self-face overlaps with that of the co-twin. Thus, to distinguish the self from the co-twin, monozygotic twins have to rely much more than control participants on the multisensory integration processes upon which the sense of bodily self is based. Moreover, in keeping with the notion that attachment style influences perception of self and significant others, we propose that the observed self/co-twin confusion may depend upon insecure attachment.

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“…For example, although radiologists are experts at finding and detecting radiological anomalies they do not show a general advantage in visual search tasks such as "Where's Waldo" or the "NINA" drawings from The New York Times (Nodine and Krupinski, 1998 ). In another investigation, parents of monozygotic twins were faster at discriminating their own twins' faces, but this increased discrimination did not generalize to unfamiliar twin pairs (Saether and Laeng, 2008 ). However, other investigations have found at least partial generalization…”

Section: Generalization Of Perceptual Expertisementioning

confidence: 93%