On-farm Evaluations of Wood-derived, Waste Paper, and Plastic Mulch Materials for Weed Control in Florida Container Nurseries

Marble, Chris; Steed, Shawn; Saha, Debasish; Khamare, Yuvraj

doi:10.21273/horttech04437-19

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Numerous studies have shown the benefits of mulch as a weed control tool (Altland et al, 2016;Bartley et al, 2017;Marble et al, 2019;Richardson et al, 2008). In contrast to mulch, which is applied on the substrate surface after planting, a stratified substrate would be part of the growing substrate (crop roots planted into the top stratified layer).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Substrate Stratification on Growth of Common Nursery Weed Species and Container-grown Ornamental Species

Khamare

Marble

Altland³

et al. 2022

hortte

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Substrate stratification is a method of filling nursery containers with “layers” of different substrates, or different textures of the same substrate. Recently, it has been proposed as a means to improve drainage, substrate moisture dynamics, and optimize nutrient use efficiency. Substrates layered with larger particle bark as the top portion and smaller particle bark as the bottom portion of the container profile would theoretically result in a substrate that dries quickly on the surface, thereby reducing weed germination, but that would also retain adequate moisture for crop growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of stratified substrates on the growth of common nursery weeds and ornamental crops. This study evaluated the use of coarser bark (<0.5 or 0.75 inches) as the top substrate and finer bark (<0.38 inches) as the bottom substrate with the goal of reducing the water-holding capacity in the top 2 to 3 inches of the substrate to reduce weed germination and growth. Results showed that substrate stratification with more coarse bark on the top decreased the growth of bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa) by 80% to 97%, whereas liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) coverage was reduced by 95% to 99%. Substrate stratification initially reduced the growth of ligustrum (Ligustrum japonicum) and blue plumbago (Plumbago auriculata), but there was no difference in the shoot or root dry weights of either species in comparison with those of nonstratified industry standard substrates at the end of 24 weeks. The data suggest substrate stratification could be used as an effective weed management strategy for container nursery production.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Substrate Stratification on Growth of Common Nursery Weed Species and Container-grown Ornamental Species

Khamare

Marble

Altland³

et al. 2022

hortte

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“…Weed control efficacy is critical to selecting a mulch, but other factors such as application depth and chemical properties should be considered to ensure there are no negative effects on root development. Reports of mulch use in nursery container production have shown similar or increased plant growth compared with nonmulched plants (Marble et al, 2019). Few studies have evaluated mulches in propagation, but Witcher and Poudel (2020) reported several mulches (pine pellets, paper pellets, and rice hulls) had no effect on rooting of cuttings when applied at 0.3-inch depth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Mulch Type and Depth on Rooting of Stem Cuttings and Weed Control in Containers

Poudel

Witcher

2022

hortte

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Weeds are a major problem in cutting propagation and compete with the main crop for water, sunlight, and nutrients, thus reducing growth and marketable quality of rooted cuttings. Due to the high labor cost of hand weeding, mulches can be an alternative method for weed control in the propagation environment. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of mulches (coarse vermiculite, rice hulls, paper pellets, and pine pellets) on rooting of stem cuttings and weed control when applied at 0.5- and 1-inch depths. Cuttings of three plant species [‘Nanho Blue’ butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii), ‘Catawba’ crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica), ‘Phantom’ hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata)] were stuck in 2.5-inch-diameter containers filled with pine bark substrate and treated with mulch. In a separate study, seeds of four weed species [creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata), hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), mulberry weed (Fatoua villosa)] were sown onto the mulch surface. Rooting percentage was unaffected by mulch type or depth for any of the three crop species (‘Nanho Blue’ butterfly bush, ‘Catawba’ crape myrtle, ‘Phantom’ hydrangea). Pine pellets did not affect root dry weight of any crop species, but root length and volume of ‘Catawba’ crape myrtle was reduced by pine pellets at 1-inch depth. Rice hulls slightly reduced the root length and volume of ‘Catawba’ crape myrtle, but the reduction was less than 50%. Pine pellets and paper pellets (both depths) reduced growth of all four weed species. Even though weed seeds germinated in pine and paper pellets, seedlings did not grow large enough to potentially affect crop rooting. In conclusion, pine pellets and paper pellets at 0.5-inch depth can be effective in suppressing weed populations with minimal effect on rooting.

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“…Later, mulches stood out among other non-chemical practices and became a research hot spot due to their easy availability and low prices (Chalker-Scott, 2007). The widely tested mulches, such as pine bark, rice hull, Douglas fir bark, coconut coir, newspaper pellets, and waste paper (Pellett and Heleba, 1995;Penny and Neal, 2003;Amoroso et al, 2009;Mathers and Case, 2010;Chen et al, 2013;Marble, 2015;Bartley et al, 2017;Burrows, 2017;Masilamany et al, 2017;Marble et al, 2019;Massa et al, 2019). Adding mulches (2.54-7.62 cm) can reach satisfactory weed control results depending on mulch types and weed species (Richardson et al, 2008;Cochran et al, 2009;Altland et al, 2016;Massa et al, 2019;Särkkä and Tahvonen, 2020).…”

Section: Research Trend In Nursery Weed Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To control weeds, various methods have been tested, such as chemical, non-chemical, and the integrated chemical and non-chemical practices (Marble, 2015;Stewart et al, 2017). Chemical weed control primarily uses herbicides to control weeds (Altland et al, 2004) whereas non-chemical weed control utilizes different cultural practices, such as mulching, irrigation, and fertilization to reduce the weed growth (Case et al, 2005;Amoroso et al, 2009;Marble et al, 2019;Saha et al, 2019b). To reduce herbicide usage while maintaining the promising weed control results, combined chemical and non-chemical weed control have been widely developed (Altland et al, 2004;Stewart et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice in Nursery Weed Control—Review and Meta-Analysis

Marble

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Weeds, as one of the biggest challenges in the nursery industry, have been controlled by various methods, such as chemical and non-chemical practices. Although these practices have been widely established and tested to control weeds, there is no systematic or meta-analysis review to provide quantitative weed control efficacy information of these practices. To provide a systematic understanding of weed control practices in nursery production, a visualization research trend, a systematic review, and a meta-analysis were conducted. A total of 267 relevant studies were included for the research trend and 83 were included in the meta-analysis. The results in this study showed that interests in nursery weed control have switched dramatically in the past 2–3 decades (1995–2021) from chemical dominant weed control to chemical coexistent with non-chemical techniques. Developing new management tactics and implementing diverse combinations of integrated weed management present the future trend for weed control. The systematic review results showed that chemical methods had the highest weed control efficacy, while non-chemical had the lowest on average, nonetheless, all three weed control practices (chemical, non-chemical, and combined) reduced the weed biomass and density significantly compared with when no strategy was employed. Weed control challenges could be the catalyst for the development of new non-chemical and integrated weed control techniques.

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On-farm Evaluations of Wood-derived, Waste Paper, and Plastic Mulch Materials for Weed Control in Florida Container Nurseries

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Substrate Stratification on Growth of Common Nursery Weed Species and Container-grown Ornamental Species

Effect of Substrate Stratification on Growth of Common Nursery Weed Species and Container-grown Ornamental Species

Effect of Mulch Type and Depth on Rooting of Stem Cuttings and Weed Control in Containers

Practice in Nursery Weed Control—Review and Meta-Analysis

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