On Galvanic Stimulation of the Labyrinth

Galvanic stimulation over the mastoid process elicits oculovestibular responses that provide a measure of brainstem function. The equipment is simple and is available in most neurodiagnostic laboratories. This type of test provides an advantage over caloric testing in the presence of external and middle ear disease and basal skull fracture and can be a useful adjunct in the evaluation of coma and brain death.

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“…The electrodes may be applied in any one of the following patterns: (1) cathode over mastoid, anode over deltoid;…”

Section: Apparatus and Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Galvanic vestibular tests in the assessment of coma and brain death

Toglia

Adam

Stewart

1981

Annals of Neurology

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“…Der optimale Arbeitsbereich für den VOR beträgt etwa 1-16 Hz. Dieser Dynamikbereich sowie niederund höherfrequente Bereiche können mit unterschiedlichen Testverfahren bei Rezeptorfunktionsprüfungen analysiert werden[3,8].Der frequenzspezifische Arbeitsbereich und die dynamischen Gesichtspunkte der Bestandteile des gleichgewichtserhaltenen Systems müssen für die Rezeptorfunktionsanalyse der Bogengänge beachtet werden. Das Verständnis dynamischer Aspekte des vestibulären Systems ist heute v. a. bei der Indikationsstellung zu vestibulären Untersuchungsverfahren erforderlich.…”

unclassified

Rezeptorfunktion der Bogengänge

Walther

Hörmann

Bloching

et al. 2012

HNO

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The perception and conversion of motion stimuli by the vestibular receptors, unimpaired postural control and intact visual acuity are essential for spatial orientation. Disturbances in these three sensory systems can manifest as "vertigo", "dizziness" or "imbalance". The integrity of peripheral receptor function, especially of the three semicircular canals, plays a superficial role. They are sensitive to acceleration stimuli, which they transmit via reflexes to the eye muscles. The stabilization of a visual target is via vestibulo-ocular reflexes, which have a very short latency and thus ensure a permanently stable image on the retina. Modern lateral-specific testing procedures are available to diagnose the receptor function of the peripheral vestibular system. The function of the semicircular canals can be analyzed using a head impulse test (HIT) and, more recently, by means of video-HIT as well as on the basis of a caloric test. Using these techniques, all three semicircular canals can be assessed in a side- and receptor-specific manner.

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