On Headed, Headless, and Light-Headed Relatives

Comprehension and production of movement-derived sentences by Russian speakers with agrammatic aphasia

“…According to this approach, rooted in Vergnaud (1974) and Kayne (1994), the head of the relative clause itself, rather than the operator, moves from the embedded sentence. Citko (2004) and Szucsich (2003) present the following versions of this analysis for Slavic languages: Wh-DP (which includes the relative pronoun as head D 0 and the relative clause head as its complement) moves from the position of the complement of the verb to Spec-CP, and then the NP further raises from Spec-CP to the position of the relative clause head, which is external to the CP (if the same analysis applies for Russian, it would have the form as in example (10), adapted to Russian from the Polish analysis in Citko, 2004). 7…”

Typological variations of head-internal relatives in Japanese

“…Here is a brief account of their structural properties (which are quite distinct from those Grosu (2003) and Citko (2004) discuss).…”

“…The following is another example of the Japanese Quantificational HIRC. 5,6 Interestingly, (i) is essentially what Citko (2004) proposes for a Polish free relative (her term ''headless relative'') given in (ii) (see C's (2) and (42) as well as her fn. 16).…”

“…In fact, to interpret the Japanese Quantificational HIRC in (11) as an argument of the matrix predicate toriagemasita 'confiscated,' it may profitably be compared to a free relative in the sense discussed by Grosu (2003) and Citko (2004). 6 There are some disagreements in the literature on the categorial status of the HIRC in Japanese.…”

Small clauses reconsidered: Not so small and not all alike

“…2 There are other uses of the pronoun to in Polish besides the copula use. It can also function as a proximate demonstrative pronoun (i), a relative clause light head in the sense of Citko (2004) (ii), a correlative pronoun (iii), and an eventive to in the sense of Progovac (1998) (iv-vi). What distinguishes the eventive to from other types is the fact that it is used to refer to events.…”