On hits and being hit on: error management theory, signal detection theory, and the male sexual overperception bias

Brandner, Jordann L.; Pohlman, Jadyn; Brase, Gary L.

doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2021.01.002

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…As an extension of this bias, males may rate female expressions as more positive than female raters. Men generally exhibit a tendency to overperceive sexual signals [39,40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Wow!" and "Aah": Bimodal Stimuli of Affective States with High and Low Intensity Displays

Binter¹,

Prossinger²,

Hladký³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Our research consists of studying the probability of humans being able to assess the differences between the valence of human faces in combination with simultaneous human vocalizations of high (pain and pleasure) and low (smile/laughter and neutral expression/speech) intensities. The study was conducted online and used a large sample (n=902) of respondents. The task was to categorize whether human vocalizations and facial expressions that can be considered semi-naturalistic were rated positive, neutral, or negative when presented with audio stimuli and pictures of faces. These had been extracted from freely downloadable online videos. Each rating participant (rater) was presented with four facial expressions (stimuli), accompanied by simultaneous vocalizations. Two of these were highly intense (pain and pleasure) and two of low intensity (laugh/smile and neutral). Using a Bayesian statistical approach, we could test for consistencies and due-to-chance probabilities. The outcomes support the prediction that the results (ratings) are not due to chance in all cases (so some ratings were not guesses, even though they might have been incorrect) — findings agreeing with the result from unimodal auditory rating but not in agreement with unimodal facial expressions ratings. The highly intense displays are incorrectly attributed. Therefore, we can assume that the auditory information is dominant in terms of certainty of the rating; yet it does not provide extra information for the case of highly intense affective expressions.

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“…As an extension of this bias, males may rate female expressions as more positive than female raters. Men generally exhibit a tendency to overperceive sexual signals [39,40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Wow!" and "Aah": Bimodal Stimuli of Affective States with High and Low Intensity Displays

Binter¹,

Prossinger²,

Hladký³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As an extension of this bias, males may rate female expressions as more positive than female raters. Men generally exhibit a tendency to over-perceive sexual signals [39,40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Wow!" and "Aah": Bimodal Stimuli of Affective States with High and Low Intensity Displays

Binter

Prossinger

Hladký

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our study focused on the ability of humans to correctly rate the valence of human facial expressions and vocalizations of high (pain and pleasure) and low intensity (laugh and neutral expression/speech) affective states. The study was conducted online and used a large sample (n=902) of respondents. The task was to categorize whether the human vocalization and facial expression as positive, neutral, or negative. The stimuli were audio records and pictures of facial expressions extracted from freely downloadable online videos and can be considered semi-naturalistic. Each rating participant was presented simultaneously with the facial expression and the vocalization of the affective states. Two of these with high intensity (pain and pleasure) and two of low intensity (laugh/smile and neutral). Each affective state was expressed and rated by female and male expressers. Using a Bayesian statistical approach, we could test due-to-chance probabilities (guessing). The outcomes support the prediction that affective states with higher intensity are harder to correctly rate, even with a bimodal presentation. Furthermore, in comparison with previous unimodal studies using the same stimuli, the results provide novel insight into systematic perception. Adding the vocalizations to the facial expressions results in the participants being more convinced in their choices independently of the correctness of the assessment as previously shown in auditory stimuli perception.

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“…Mate selection often requires judicious evaluation of others' parental abilities. This represents a signal detection problem; perceivers make decisions with limited information about social targets (Brandner et al, 2021). Various adaptations have emerged to identify mating opportunities, including perceptions of physical features that implicate targets as having similar reproductive goals (Brown et al, in press-a;Sng et al, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neck Musculature in Shaping Perceptions of Men’s Relationship Goals

Brown¹

2022

Preprint

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Neck musculature is diagnostic of men’s formidability, which is accurately inferred by perceivers. Within these inferences are several perceptions of men’s social affordances from which perceivers could estimate their abilities to satisfy reproductive goals related to mate acquisition and parental care. Participants evaluated target men’s interest in short-term and long-term mating strategies while assessing effectiveness in satisfying parental goals. Targets varied in trapezius and sternocleidomastoid size. Large trapezius muscles appeared diagnostic of an ability to protect offspring, albeit at the expense of nurturance and an interest in long-term pairbonds. Results extend previous findings that implicate formidability as central to many relationship decisions.

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On hits and being hit on: error management theory, signal detection theory, and the male sexual overperception bias

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

"Wow!" and "Aah": Bimodal Stimuli of Affective States with High and Low Intensity Displays

"Wow!" and "Aah": Bimodal Stimuli of Affective States with High and Low Intensity Displays

"Wow!" and "Aah": Bimodal Stimuli of Affective States with High and Low Intensity Displays

Neck Musculature in Shaping Perceptions of Men’s Relationship Goals

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