On-host control of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae) by Metarhizium brunneum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae)

Rot, Asael; Gindin, Galina; Ment, Dana; Mishoutchenko, Aziza; Glazer, I.; Samish, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.11.020

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Here, M. robertsii ARSEF 2575 was virulent to R. microplus engorged females after fungal inoculation. Several factors are involved in the virulence of a fungal isolate to arthropods, especially ticks that are much less susceptible than insects (Rot et al, 2013; Erler and Ates, 2015; Mohammadyani et al, 2016; Alves et al, 2017; Fischhoff et al, 2017). Distinct fungal virulence to different populations of the same host (Perinotto et al, 2012), host species, life stage of the host (i.e., some species and stages are more susceptible than others), and the quantity of fungal propagules applied to the arthropod pest (Alden et al, 2001; Ment et al, 2012) are some of these factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural and Cytotoxic Effects of Metarhizium robertsii Infection on Rhipicephalus microplus Hemocytes

et al. 2019

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Metarhizium is an entomopathogenic fungus widely employed in the biological control of arthropods. Hemocytes present in the hemolymph of invertebrates are the cells involved in the immune response of arthropods. Despite this, knowledge about Rhipicephalus microplus hemocytes morphological aspects as well as their role in response to the fungal infection is scarce. The present study aimed to analyze the hemocytes of R. microplus females after Metarhizium robertsii infection, using light and electron microscopy approaches associated with the cytotoxicity evaluation. Five types of hemocytes (prohemocytes, spherulocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, and oenocytoids) were described in the hemolymph of uninfected ticks, while only prohemocytes, granulocytes, and plasmatocytes were observed in fungus-infected tick females. Twenty-four hours after the fungal infection, only granulocytes and plasmatocytes were detected in the transmission electron microscopy analysis. Hemocytes from fungus-infected tick females showed several cytoplasmic vacuoles with different electron densities, and lipid droplets in close contact to low electron density vacuoles, as well as the formation of autophagosomes and subcellular material in different stages of degradation could also be observed. M. robertsii propagules were more toxic to tick hemocytes in the highest concentration tested (1.0 × 10 8 conidia mL −1 ). Interestingly, the lowest fungus concentration did not affect significantly the cell viability. Microanalysis showed that cells granules from fungus-infected and uninfected ticks had similar composition. This study addressed the first report of fungal cytotoxicity analyzing ultrastructural effects on hemocytes of R. microplus infected with entomopathogenic fungi. These results open new perspectives for the comprehension of ticks physiology and pathology, allowing the identification of new targets for the biological control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural and Cytotoxic Effects of Metarhizium robertsii Infection on Rhipicephalus microplus Hemocytes

et al. 2019

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“…However, previous research testing R. sanguineus sensitivity to entomopathogenic fungi has focused on dipping ticks, an unnatural exposure method, or using laboratory fungal strains for inoculation. Because efficacy varies greatly by exposure method and subsequent to formulation of the fungus into a commercial product (Reis et al ., ; Nchu et al ., ; Camargo et al ., ; Rot et al ., ), the present study aimed to determine the efficacy of commercial fungal formulations for reducing the longevity of ticks when directly exposed to fungi by walking on a fungi‐treated surface and indirectly exposed to fungi‐treated conspecifics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auto‐dissemination of commercially available fungal pathogens in a laboratory assay for management of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Weeks

Allan

Gezan

et al. 2019

Medical Vet Entomology

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Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a canine tick that infests dogs throughout the world and is frequently found in homes and dog kennels. Management of this tick species is complicated by the presence of resistance to commonly utilized acaricides. Fungal formulations could provide a valuable alternative tool for management and are especially relevant indoors where detrimental environmental effects on fungal spores are of less concern. Two commercially available fungal formulations, one containing Metarhizium anisopliae and the other containing Beauveria bassiana, were compared for time to death and sporulation in nymphal ticks exposed for 60 min in treated filter paper packets. Beauveria bassiana exposure killed ticks faster than M. anisopliae exposure and B. bassiana was more likely to sporulate on tick cadavers than M. anisopliae.To determine whether infected ticks could disseminate fungus to their conspecifics, ticks were marked and treated with fungus before being placed with untreated ticks. Fungus was successfully transmitted from treated to untreated ticks. Mortality of ticks exposed to B. bassiana-exposed conspecifics occurred sooner than for those exposed to M. anisopliae-exposed conspecifics, indicating faster dissemination in the former. Therefore, although both formulations resulted in decreased longevity of ticks compared with the controls, the B. bassiana formulation holds the most promise for direct or indirect application with respect to brown dog tick management.

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“…Larvae that did not die following treatment showed a decrease in successful moulting and an increase in mortality following moulting . Sublethal effects of fungal treatments, such as decreased oviposition and incubation periods as well as reduced overall fecundity of females, have been observed in many studies (Gindin et al 2001(Gindin et al , 2002Kaaya et al 1996;Mwangi et al 1995;Perinotto et al 2012;Pirali-Kheirabadi et al 2007;Rot et al 2013;. Females that survived M. anisopliae s.l.…”

Section: Ticksmentioning

confidence: 97%

1. Livestock pests and vector-borne diseases – a much neglected subject

Takken¹,

Bouyer²,

Smallegange³

et al. 2018

Pests and Vector-Borne Diseases in the Livestock Industry

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Worldwide the livestock industry, from small farmers to large industrialized farms, is affected by arthropods and arthropod-borne diseases at various scales, which cause huge losses and are a constraint to socio-economic development. Farmers make considerable efforts to prevent and control pest and disease incidence, often requiring the use of vaccines, if available, drugs and pesticides. Examples of current problems are presented, to set the stage for the detailed and state-of-the-art presentations of specific cases of livestock pests and their associated diseases and modern methods of prevention and control.

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On-host control of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae) by Metarhizium brunneum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae)

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Ultrastructural and Cytotoxic Effects of Metarhizium robertsii Infection on Rhipicephalus microplus Hemocytes

Ultrastructural and Cytotoxic Effects of Metarhizium robertsii Infection on Rhipicephalus microplus Hemocytes

Auto‐dissemination of commercially available fungal pathogens in a laboratory assay for management of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus

1. Livestock pests and vector-borne diseases – a much neglected subject

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