On<i>Bufo pantherinus</i>A. Smith, 1828 (Anura: Bufonidae), the leopard toad of the southwestern Cape, South Africa, with the designation of a neotype

Poynton, J. C.; Lambiris, A. J. L.

doi:10.1080/21564574.1998.9649994

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Almost all currently recognized species of this clade were delimited consistently, with the exception of three species pairs: Mertensophryne howelli and M. usambarae , Poyntonophrynus damaranus , and P. dombensis and Sclerophrys pardalis and S. pantherinus , which were not identified as distinct entities. This echoes previous difficulties in discerning the species status of at least the latter species pair (Poynton and Lambiris ; Measey and Tolley ). In addition, units phylogenetically distinct from currently recognized species were recovered in the following genera: Schismaderma –2, Nectophrynoides –13, Capensibufo –4, Mertensophryne –8, and Sclerophrys –18.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

No ecological opportunity signal on a continental scale? Diversification and life-history evolution of African true toads (Anura: Bufonidae)

et al. 2016

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The niche-filling process predicted by the "ecological opportunity" (EO) model is an often-invoked mechanism for generating exceptional diversity in island colonizers. Whether the same process governs lineage accumulation and trait disparity during continental colonization events is less clear. Here, we test this prediction by investigating the rate dynamics and trait evolution of one of Africa's most widespread amphibian colonizers, the true toads (Bufonidae). By reconstructing the most complete molecular phylogeny of African Bufonidae to date, we find that the diversification of lineages in Africa best conforms to a constant rate model throughout time and across subclades, with little support for EO. Evolutionary rates of life-history traits have similarly been constant over time. However, an analysis of generalists and specialists showed a shift toward higher speciation rates associated with habitat specialization. The overall lack of EO signal can be interpreted in a number of ways and we propose several explanations. Firstly, methodological issues might preclude the detection of EO. Secondly, colonizers might not experience true EO conditions and due to the size, ecological heterogeneity and age of landmasses, the diversification processes might be more complex. Thirdly, lower speciation rates of habitat generalists may have affected overall proliferation of lineages.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

No ecological opportunity signal on a continental scale? Diversification and life-history evolution of African true toads (Anura: Bufonidae)

et al. 2016

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“…After its description in 1828 (as Bufo pantherinus), this species spent a long period in synonymy, and was known under a variety of different names until the designation of a neotype by Poynton and Lambiris (1998). Since then, preliminary molecular studies comparing it with A. pardalis suggest that A. pantherinus is a distinct lineage (Eick et al 2001 Cunningham and Cherry 2004), although a comprehensive assessment of the same is still needed.…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In contrast, east of the Cape Flats the habitat is far less disturbed, although even this area has undergone considerable urbanisation and agricultural expansion in the last 20 years. Aside from some behavioural and taxonomic studies (Passmore 1977;Cherry 1992a, b;Poynton and Lambiris 1998;Eick et al 2001), very little is known about the population biology of this species, especially in a context that might help with conservation planning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the cause of the disjunct distribution of Amietophrynus pantherinus, the Endangered South African western leopard toad

Measey

Tolley

2009

Conserv Genet

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More amphibians are threatened through loss of habitat than any other single factor. Conservation measures to restore habitat are dependent on historical data indicating the original extent of a species. When historical data is absent, disjunct distributions create a special problem for conservationists who need to determine whether they have an anthropogenic cause. The Endangered western leopard toad (Amietophrynus pantherinus) has a disjunct distribution in the south-western tip of South Africa. We use mitochondrial sequences from 153 individuals to show that the disjunct distribution is unlikely to have an anthropogenic origin. Two distinct populations are separated by 100 km, with highest probability for the most recent common ancestor arising some 5 Kya. The causes of this disjunct distribution appear to be too recent to be attributable to changes in sea level; instead we suggest that there was a range retraction associated with a distinct drying period in the area during the Holocene, possibly indicating that this species will be susceptible to future climate change. Further, we find that the eastern population is less genetically diverse and appears to be undergoing a serious reduction in range, despite its occurrence in the least urbanized habitat. Conservation measures suggested include surveys for breeding sites in the eastern population, custodian agreements for existing breeding sites and foraging areas and the need for a Biodiversity Management Plan to be drawn up and implemented.

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“…The following morphological characters were used for morphological description of the specimens studied and for allocation of the holophoront of Sclerophrys capensis to a group (Poynton and Lambiris, 1998;Du Preez and Carruthers, 2009): spot on snout (distinct; indistinct; absent); spots on eyelids (paired spot; continuous band on head); skin on throat (granular; smooth); distal subarticular tubercle of finger III (a unique tubercle; paired tubercles); extension of web on outer side of toe III (number of phalanges free of web; (Savage and Heyer, 1967)); fringes on digits (absent; narrow; broad); fringes on toes (absent; narrow; broad); separation of parotoid and eye (touching; separated); shape of parotoid (elongate; oval; broadened oval); parotoid height (flat; prominent); middorsal line (present; absent). Manuscript to be reviewed RESULTS Description of the holotype of Sclerophrys capensis Tschudi, 1838 MNHN 0.742, young male; in rather bad state of conservation (Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "The identity of the South African toad Sclerophrys capensis Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia, Anura) (v0.1)"

Wake¹

2016

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The toad species Sclerophrys capensis Tschudi, 1838 was erected for a single specimen from South Africa which has never been properly studied and allocated to a known species. A morphometric and morphological analysis of this specimen and its comparison with 75 toad specimens referred to five South African toad species allowed allocation of this specimen to the species currently known as Amietophrynus rangeri. In consequence, the nomen Sclerophrys must replace Amietophrynus as the valid nomen of the genus, and capensis as the valid nomen of the species. This work stresses the usefulness of natural history collections for solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems.

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OnBufo pantherinusA. Smith, 1828 (Anura: Bufonidae), the leopard toad of the southwestern Cape, South Africa, with the designation of a neotype

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

No ecological opportunity signal on a continental scale? Diversification and life-history evolution of African true toads (Anura: Bufonidae)

No ecological opportunity signal on a continental scale? Diversification and life-history evolution of African true toads (Anura: Bufonidae)

Investigating the cause of the disjunct distribution of Amietophrynus pantherinus, the Endangered South African western leopard toad

Peer Review #1 of "The identity of the South African toad Sclerophrys capensis Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia, Anura) (v0.1)"

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