On-line additions of aqueous standards for calibration of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: theory and comparison of wet and dry plasma conditions

Femtosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: achievements and remaining problems

“…For smaller dilution factors the convergence of elemental ratios results from increased mass loading which, paradoxically, pushes the working range to the edge of another stationary regime. According to O'Connor et al [35], shifting the working range to stationary conditions by applying even stronger, i.e., excessive, mass loading based on simultaneous liquid aspiration can help to perform more reliable analyses of laser-produced aerosols, albeit at the expense of an increased oxide formation rate and polyatomic interferences. Furthermore, the admixture of wet aerosols is supposed to reduce the instrumental sensitivity even though not explicitly stated in Ref.…”

Development of routines for simultaneous in situ chemical composition and stable Si isotope ratio analysis by femtosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

“…The addition of water during non-matrix matched quantification using laser ablation has proven to be advantageous, e.g. [31][32][33]. The addition of water leads to a similar condition of the highest analyte ionisation density in the plasma regardless of the matrix, and therefore leads to an improved accuracy in non-matrix matched quantification.…”

“…To avoid isotope fractionation during LA sampling, transport and ionisation, three measures are taken: the use of fs-LA improves the matrix-independent calibration capabilities (see [10] and discussion therein), the addition of water to the plasma increases the robustness of the plasma (see [31][32][33][34][35]) and matching the ion beam intensities between samples and bracketing standards assures similar plasma loading (see [10] and discussion therein). All three measures together enables to determine, accurately and precisely, the Si isotopic composition, using a non-matrix matched standard sample bracketing approach.…”

Determination of Trace Elements in Sintered and Single-Crystal Silicon Carbide by Laser Ablation in Liquid Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

“…[22][23][24] Methods involving standard solution calibration, 25,26 standard addition, 27 and online isotope dilution have also been reported. [28][29][30] As mentioned above, highly sensitive and accurate quantification of impurities is required to control surface-layer contamination of SiC substrates.…”