On-line adjustment of dwell time for target selection by gaze

Špakov, Oleg; Miniotas, Darius

doi:10.1145/1028014.1028045

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Hansen et al [2] reported a 6 wpm mean using a hierarchical keyboard. Špakov et al [17] achieved a higher average entry rate of 12 wpm with a 2.3% error rate and an automatic dwell-timeout adjustment algorithm. However, their participants were experienced with eye-typing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of Dasher with a high-performance language model as a gaze communication method

Rough

Vertanen

Kristensson

2014

Proceedings of the 2014 International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces

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Dasher is a promising fast assistive gaze communication method. However, previous evaluations of Dasher have been inconclusive. Either the studies have been too short, involved too few participants, suffered from sampling bias, lacked a control condition, used an inappropriate language model, or a combination of the above. To rectify this, we report results from two new evaluations of Dasher carried out using a Tobii P10 assistive eye-tracker machine. We also present a method of modifying Dasher so that it can use a state-of-the-art long-span statistical language model. Our experimental results show that compared to a baseline eye-typing method, Dasher resulted in significantly faster entry rates (12.6 wpm versus 6.0 wpm in Experiment 1, and 14.2 wpm versus 7.0 wpm in Experiment 2). These faster entry rates were possible while maintaining error rates comparable to the baseline eye-typing method. Participants' perceived physical demand, mental demand, effort and frustration were all significantly lower for Dasher. Finally, participants significantly rated Dasher as being more likeable, requiring less concentration and being more fun.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of Dasher with a high-performance language model as a gaze communication method

Rough

Vertanen

Kristensson

2014

Proceedings of the 2014 International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces

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“…It must be smaller than the dwell time (DT). Finally, we call the time the user remains on the target after she has received a confirmation feedback stimulus about the recognition of the gesture the exit time (ET), similar to the definition in [27]. The exit time can also be considered as a simple reaction time of the user to the feedback stimulus, as described, for example, in [1].…”

Section: Components Of the Pointing Gesturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adjustment of the dwell time is usually based on ad hoc experiences of the developer. Formal evaluations have been done only in applications that use eye movements to control a cursor [24,27]. Manual pointing interactions are used, for instance, to control home entertainment components, such as CD players, televisions, amplifiers etc.…”

Section: Pointing In Hci Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dwell-Based Pointing in Applications of Human Computer Interaction

Müller‐Tomfelde

2007

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. This paper describes exploratory studies and a formal experiment that investigate a particular temporal aspect of human pointing actions. Humans can express their intentions and refer to an external entity by pointing at distant objects with their fingers or a tool. The focus of this research is on the dwell time, the time span that people remain nearly motionless during pointing at objects. We address two questions: Is there a common or natural dwell time in human pointing actions? What implications does this have for Human Computer Interaction? Especially in virtual environments, feedback about the referred object is usually provided to the user to confirm actions such as object selection. A literature review and two studies led to a formal experiment in a hand-immersive virtual environment in search for an appropriate feedback delay time for dwell-based pointing actions. The results and implications for applications for Human Computer Interaction are discussed.

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“…Thus, a reasonable trade-off between typing speed and error rate needs to be found. [Špakov and Miniotas, 2004] developed an algorithm to adjust dwell time in real-time. They found that a dwell time of 700 ms enables the user to type nearly without any wrongly selected keys.…”

Section: Gaze-controlled Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maybe the most prominent gaze-controlled text entry system for continuous writing is Dasher [Ward and MacKay, 2002]. It does not use any static elements in its design.…”

Section: Gaze-controlled Continuous Writingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Writing with Your Eye: A Dwell Time Free Writing System Adapted to the Nature of Human Eye Gaze

Bee

André

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. We investigate the usability of an eye controlled writing interface that matches the nature of human eye gaze, which always moves and is not immediately able to trigger the selection of a button. Such an interface allows the eye continuously to move and it is not necessary to dwell upon a specific position to trigger a command. We classify writing into three categories (typing, gesturing, and continuous writing) and explain why continuous writing comes closest to the nature of human eye gaze. We propose Quikwriting, which was originally designed for handhelds, as a method for text input that meets the requirements of eye gaze controlled input best. We adapt its design for the usage with eye gaze. Based on the results of a first study, we formulate some guidelines for the design of future Quikwriting-based eye gaze controlled applications.

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On-line adjustment of dwell time for target selection by gaze

Cited by 54 publications

References 3 publications

An evaluation of Dasher with a high-performance language model as a gaze communication method

An evaluation of Dasher with a high-performance language model as a gaze communication method

Dwell-Based Pointing in Applications of Human Computer Interaction

Writing with Your Eye: A Dwell Time Free Writing System Adapted to the Nature of Human Eye Gaze

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