On-line aluminium pre-concentration and its application to the determination of the metal in dialysis concentrates by atomic spectrometric methods

Solid-surface room-temperature phosphorescence optosensing in continuous flow systems: an approach for ultratrace metal ion determination

“…On the other hand, one of the most promising trends in flow injection analysis (FIA) is based on the packing of solid phases in flow cells to simultaneously preconcentrate and detect the analyte (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)). The solid phase can consist of an untreated resin to retain in a transient way either an analyte (23) or the product of a chemical reaction (14) or, alternatively, a resin modified with a permanent immobilized reagent (25,16) or a catalyst (27).…”

“…On the other hand, one of the most promising trends in flow injection analysis (FIA) is based on the packing of solid phases in flow cells to simultaneously preconcentrate and detect the analyte (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)). The solid phase can consist of an untreated resin to retain in a transient way either an analyte (23) or the product of a chemical reaction (14) or, alternatively, a resin modified with a permanent immobilized reagent (25,16) or a catalyst (27). This new integrated technique provides the advantages of FIA systems (e.g., it is easy to renew reagents in the solid support, so irreversible chemistry can be applied for sensing purposes, sample pretreatment can be integrated into the system, etc.)…”

“…Optosensing at solid surfaces has been demonstrated by using measurements of reflectance (16), absorbance (23,14), fluorescence (25), and chemiluminescence (27). It is clear that solid-surface RTP (SSRTP) detection is not well suited for flow techniques.…”

Flow-injection atomic spectrometry: a new analytical technique

“…This last group may be subdivided according to the chemicalAJasis for the procedure. These include precipitation [50], electrodeposition [51,52], liquid-liquid extraction [47][48][49], vapor generation [l}, [53][54][55][56][57][58][59] and solid phase extraction [18,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71]. It is not possible to provide a rigid categorization of these papers as several of them contain topics that could be con sidered in more than one category.…”

“…For example, use is made of on-line dialysis for dilution and sample clean-up in two papers concerned w.ith speciation [38,39]. Both flame AAS and ICP-OES were used [67] for the determination of aluminum in dialysis concentrates by FI-AS procedures in volving solid-phase extraction. For the systems in which sample pretreatment chemistry is performed, the flow-injection valve may be regarded as an interface between two flow systems.…”