On-line coupling of fizzy extraction with gas chromatography

Yang, Hong-Tzer; Urban, Pawel L.

doi:10.1007/s00216-019-01755-9

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The purge-and-trap technique requires the use of a purging gas and a sorbent for trapping liberated analytes . FE also requires an external supply of the extractant gas . The recently developed ETIE produces the extractant gas (carbon dioxide) from an in situ chemical reaction to extract VOCs from liquid samples, but making tablets is laborious.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effervescence has recently been employed in the chemical laboratory setting for rapid extraction of VOCs from liquid samples to the gas phase for instantaneous analysis. In a technique called “fizzy extraction” (FE), liquid matrices are pressurized with a gas, followed by sudden decompression to induce effervescence. − Alternatively, specially prepared effervescent tablets are introduced to the liquid samples to induce effervescence . In both FE and “effervescent tablet-induced extraction” (ETIE), the gaseous extract is directly transferred to the separation/detection system for analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Oxygenation-Mediated Extraction as a Facile and Green Way to Analyze Volatile Solutes

Raju

Shih

et al. 2021

Anal. Chem.

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Sparging-based methods have long been used to liberate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from liquid sample matrices prior to analysis. In these methods, a carrier gas is delivered from an external source. Here, we demonstrate “catalytic oxygenation-mediated extraction” (COME), which relies on biocatalytic production of oxygen occurring directly in the sample matrix. The newly formed oxygen (micro)bubbles extract the dissolved VOCs. The gaseous extract is immediately transferred to a separation or detection system for analysis. To start COME, dilute hydrogen peroxide is injected into the sample supplemented with catalase enzyme. The entire procedure is performed automaticallyafter pressing a “start” button, making a clapping sound, or triggering from a smartphone. The pump, valves, and detection system are controlled by a microcontroller board. For quality control and safety purposes, the reaction chamber is monitored by a camera linked to a single-board computer, which follows the enzymatic reaction progress by analyzing images of foam in real time. The data are instantly uploaded to the internet cloud for retrieval. The COME apparatus has been coupled on-line with the gas chromatography electron ionization mass spectrometry (MS) system, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) MS system, and APCI ion-mobility spectrometry system. The three hyphenated variants have been tested in analyses of complex matrices (e.g., fruit-based drinks, whiskey, urine, and stored wastewater). In addition to the use of catalase, COME variants using crude potato pulp or manganese(IV) dioxide have been demonstrated. The technique is inexpensive, fast, reliable, and green: it uses low-toxicity chemicals and emits oxygen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Oxygenation-Mediated Extraction as a Facile and Green Way to Analyze Volatile Solutes

Raju

Shih

et al. 2021

Anal. Chem.

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“…[84] Fizzy extraction consists of the purge of volatile compounds from a sample using a CO 2 stream [85]. The technique can be coupled directly to a detector [86], but it is also compatible with a previous chromatographic separation [87]. Urban et al have recently applied the effervescence reaction to fizzy extraction [88].…”

Section: Ketoprofen Diclofenacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effervescence-Assisted Microextraction—One Decade of Developments

2020

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Dispersive microextraction techniques are key in the analytical sample treatment context as they combine a favored thermodynamics and kinetics isolation of the target analytes from the sample matrix. The dispersion of the extractant in the form of tiny particles or drops, depending on the technique, into the sample enlarges the contact surface area between phases, thus enhancing the mass transference. This dispersion can be achieved by applying external energy sources, the use of chemicals, or the combination of both strategies. Effervescence-assisted microextraction emerged in 2011 as a new alternative in this context. The technique uses in situ-generated carbon dioxide as the disperser, and it has been successfully applied in the solid-phase and liquid-phase microextraction fields. This minireview explains the main fundamentals of the technique, its potential and the main developments reported.

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“…Bubbles bursting at the meniscus of carbonated drinks (e.g., champagne wine) promote aroma release, thus, influencing the composition of wine glass headspace. , Some VOCs were found to be more concentrated in the headspace of a champagne wine glass than in the liquid bulk as an effect of the ascending and bursting bubbles released upon pouring the wine . The analytical technique called “fizzy extraction” takes advantage of carbonation to release the volatile solutes present in liquid matrices. − The microbubbles produced upon abrupt decrease of pressure inside sample chamber are used to extract volatile solutes from the liquid matrix . Based on these studies, it is clear that effervescence can assist the release of volatile solutes from the liquid matrix into the gas phase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17−20 The microbubbles produced upon abrupt decrease of pressure inside sample chamber are used to extract volatile solutes from the liquid matrix. 19 Based on these studies, it is clear that effervescence can assist the release of volatile solutes from the liquid matrix into the gas phase. Here, we hypothesize that, when an effervescent tablet is dropped into an aqueous sample, the bubbles formed in situ can facilitate extraction of VOCs dissolved in liquid matrices.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid Extraction and Analysis of Volatile Solutes with an Effervescent Tablet

Elpa

Urban

2020

Anal. Chem.

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Extraction of volatile compounds from complex liquid matrices is a critical step in volatile compound analysis workflows. Recently, green chemistry principles are increasingly implemented in extraction processes. Some of the available approaches are solvent-free but still require concentration or trapping of analytes. Here, we propose effervescent tabletinduced extraction (ETIE) as a method of transferring volatile/semivolatile compounds from liquid matrices to the gas phase for analysis. This technique relies on the release of carbon dioxide produced in situ during a neutralization reaction, which occurs when a tablet is inserted into an aqueous sample matrix. In this process, many bubbles of carbon dioxide are instantly formed in the sample matrix. The bubbles rapidly extract and liberate volatile compounds from the sample. The gaseous effluent is then immediately transferred to a detector (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS) or gas chromatography (GC) hyphenated with MS). ETIE-GC-MS can be used for analysis of volatile compounds present in real samples. The method was validated for analysis of selected ethyl esters present in a yogurt drink. The calibration data set was linear over a range from 5 × 10 −7 to 1 × 10 −5 M. The limits of detection ranged from 1.51 × 10 −7 to 6.82 × 10 −7 M, while the recoveries ranged from 71 to 118%. Inter-and intraday precision of selected ethyl esters in aqueous solution was satisfactory (relative standard deviation, 3.6−18.3%). Furthermore, it is shown that ETIE improves the performance of headspace solid-phase microextraction while eliminating the need for heating and shaking samples.

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On-line coupling of fizzy extraction with gas chromatography

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Catalytic Oxygenation-Mediated Extraction as a Facile and Green Way to Analyze Volatile Solutes

Catalytic Oxygenation-Mediated Extraction as a Facile and Green Way to Analyze Volatile Solutes

Effervescence-Assisted Microextraction—One Decade of Developments

Rapid Extraction and Analysis of Volatile Solutes with an Effervescent Tablet

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