On-line measurement of particle size and composition

Kievit, O.; Marijnissen, J.C.M.; Verheiljen, P.J.T.; Scarlett, B.

doi:10.1016/0021-8502(92)90409-o

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Over the past decade, great progress has been made in understanding the diverse nature of ambient aerosols. Several research groups have reported real-time analysis of individual airborne particles using mass spectrometry ( − ). These groups analyze individual ablated and ionized particles using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) in real-time and have had great success in characterizing inorganically based particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Surface Analysis of Individual Airborne Environmental Particles

Lazar

Reilly

Whitten

et al. 1999

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Typically, in real-time aerosol mass spectrometry (RTAMS), individual airborne particles are ablated and ionized with a single focused laser pulse. This technique yields information that permits bulk characterization of the particle, but information about the particle's surface is often masked or diluted by the particle bulk. Here we show that it is possible to probe the surface composition of individual airborne particles by separating the desorption and ionization steps using a two-laser real-time aerosol mass spectrometry technique (L2RTAMS). First, a weak excimer laser pulse was used to desorb the semivolatile components of the particle surface when the particle was in the center of the ion trap. After a short delay, another excimer laser pulse was used to ionize the semivolatile surface components in the gas phase and subsequently mass analyzed. The results from the one- and two-laser techniques were compared and found to be complementary. The L2RTAMS technique was found very sensitive to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs, of the type emitted from diesel engines, were found on particle surfaces of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference materials (SRMs) from Indiana Harbor Canal (1645) and urban particulate matter (1648). PAH partitioning on the environmental particles is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Surface Analysis of Individual Airborne Environmental Particles

Lazar

Reilly

Whitten

et al. 1999

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Single-particle on-line aerosol mass spectrometric techniques became available in different research groups at the beginning of the last decade. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] However, the origins of online single-particle mass spectrometry are considerably older. 21 The technique uses a differentially pumped direct aerosol inlet system that generates a particle beam in vacuum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of single‐particle laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soot particles originating from an industrial combustion process

Zimmermann

Ferge

Gälli³

et al. 2003

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Combustion-related soot particles were sampled in situ from the stoker system of a 0.5 MW incineration pilot plant (feeding material was wood) at two different heights over the feed bed in the third air supply zone. The collected particles were re-aerosolized by a powder-dispersing unit and analyzed by a single-particle laser desorption/ionization (LDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometer (aerosol-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, ATOFMS). The ATOFMS instrument characterizes particles according to their aerodynamic size (laser velocimetry) and chemical composition (LDI mass spectrometry). Chemical species from the particles are laser desorbed/ionized by 266 nm Nd:YAG laser pulses. ATOFMS results on individual 'real world' particles in general give information on the bulk inorganic composition. Organic compounds, which are of much lower concentrations, commonly are not detectable. However, recent off-line laser microprobe mass spectrometric (LMMS) experiments on bulk soot aerosol samples have emphasized that organic compounds can be desorbed and ionized without fragmentation in LDI experiments from black carbonaceous matrices. This paper reports the successful transfer of the off-line results to on-line analysis of airborne soot particles by ATOFMS. The detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soot particles is addressed in detail. The results are interpreted in the context of the recent LMMS results. Furthermore, their relevance with respect to possible applications in on-line monitoring of combustion processes is discussed.

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“…In the LAMPAS instrument, particles are sampled at atmospheric pressures through a differentially-pumped particle beam generator at a¯ow rate of 2.4 L Á min À1 . This particle beam generator is similar to the one developed by Marijnissen and co-workers (Kievit et al, 1992). Transmission ef®ciency for the particle beam generator is approximately 4% for 0.1±10 mm particles.…”

Section: Real-time Single Particle Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…At the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Delft University of Technology, Marijnissen and co-workers proposed the coupling of a laser microprobe mass spectrometer with a particle beam inlet in order to perform real-time analysis of aerosols (Marijnissen, Scarlett, & Verheijen, 1988;Kievit et al, 1990Kievit et al, , 1992. This instrument would employ a capillary inlet for direct aerosol introduction into a time-of-¯ight mass spectrometer.…”

Section: Marijnissenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time single particle mass spectrometry: A historical review of a quarter century of the chemical analysis of aerosols

Noble

Prather

2000

Mass Spectrom. Rev.

239

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Real‐time single particle mass spectrometry, or continuous aerosol mass spectrometry, was originally developed in the 1970s for the purpose of identifying the chemical composition of airborne particulate matter in real‐time. Although this technique has continued to evolve throughout the following decades, the fundamental characteristic of this method remains the same, involving the continuous introduction of solid particle or liquid droplets directly into the ion source region of a mass spectrometer. Continuous sample introduction allows for the chemical analysis of single airborne particles in real‐time. A number of mass analyzers have been employed in real‐time single particle mass spectrometry. The original real‐time single particle mass spectrometer used a magnetic sector mass analyzer. Quadrupole, double‐focusing, and ion trap mass spectrometers have also been utilized. The majority of the current real‐time single particle mass spectrometry techniques use time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. In the literature, a variety of general names have been applied to real‐time single particle mass spectrometry methods. These names include direct‐inlet mass spectrometry, on‐line laser microprobe mass spectrometry, particle analysis by mass spectrometry, particle beam mass spectrometry, and rapid‐single particle mass spectrometry. This review covers real‐time single particle mass spectrometry techniques that were developed from 1973 through 1998, specifically for analyzing airborne particulate matter, including environmental aerosols, biological aerosols, and clean‐room aerosols. Because the majority of the historical and current real‐time single particle mass spectrometers have been employed for atmospheric aerosols, this topic is the primary focus of this review. This review does not include on‐line mass spectrometry methods that are employed as a detector for other instrumental methods, such as liquid chromatography. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 19: 248–274, 2000

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On-line measurement of particle size and composition

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Real-Time Surface Analysis of Individual Airborne Environmental Particles

Real-Time Surface Analysis of Individual Airborne Environmental Particles

Application of single‐particle laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soot particles originating from an industrial combustion process

Real-time single particle mass spectrometry: A historical review of a quarter century of the chemical analysis of aerosols

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