On-line monitoring of the transesterification reaction between triglycerides and ethanol using near infrared spectroscopy combined with gas chromatography

Richard, Romain; Li, Ying; Dubreuil, Brigitte; Thiébaud‐Roux, Sophie; Prat, Laurent E.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.111

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Comparatively to the batch reaction mixtures analyses performed in previous work [34], both standard errors RMSEC and RMSEP increased because the NIR spectra obtained by the reflection or the transflectance probe and measured through PFA tube show more noise than the NIR spectra acquired with the transflectance optical probe directly in the reactor. Indeed, the optical beam is altered when passing through the PFA tube due to dispersion.…”

Section: Partial Least Squares Regressions (Pls)mentioning

confidence: 65%

“…In order to remove small inter-microreactor differences due to uncontrolled variation sources, data pre-processing methods were applied to the spectra, such as baseline correction, Savitzky-Golay smoothing, first or second derivative, mean centering, The reaction was previously performed in a 1 L-batch reactor for several ethanol to oil molar ratios at 70 °C [34]. The mechanical stirring speed was 750 rpm in order to have a satisfactory mixing in the batch reactor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NIR spectroscopy with multivariate analysis is a well-established, fast, reliable, inexpensive and non-destructive analytical technique, and does not require complex pre-treatment [32][33][34]. Among the various parameters which can be investigated, the initial ethanol to oil molar ratio was studied in this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-line monitoring of the transesterification reaction carried out in microreactors using near infrared spectroscopy

Richard

Dubreuil

Thiébaud‐Roux

et al. 2013

Fuel

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Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste cooking oils by transesterification with ethanol (also called ethanolysis) in order to substitute fossil fuels. In this work, the batch ethanolysis of high oleic sunflower oil was transferred into a continuous microstructured device, which induces a better control of heat and mass transfers. Various parameters were studied, notably the initial ethanol to oil molar ratio.An innovative method using NIR spectroscopy was also developed to on-line monitor the transesterification reaction of high oleic sunflower oil with ethanol in microreactors (circular PFA tube 1/16" OD, 0.02" ID). The reactions were monitored directly in the microreactors through sequential scans of the reaction medium by the means of an adequate probe. The asset of the method is that no sample collection or preparation is necessary. Partial least squares regression was used to develop calibration and prediction models between NIR spectral data and analytical data obtained by a reference method (gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, GC-FID). This method is fast, safe, reliable, non destructive and inexpensive contrary to conventional procedures, such as gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography generally used to determine the composition of crude transesterification medium.

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Section: Partial Least Squares Regressions (Pls)mentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-line monitoring of the transesterification reaction carried out in microreactors using near infrared spectroscopy

Richard

Dubreuil

Thiébaud‐Roux

et al. 2013

Fuel

Self Cite

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“…The measurements provide valuable information about the operating conditions and simultaneously give an estimate for critical variables by monitoring the state of a process and verifying that performance is optimal. There are methods to monitor the progress of the reaction, such as gas and liquid chromatography [9][10][11][12], Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), near-infrared (NIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy methods [10,[12][13][14][15][16][17], measurement of refractive index [18], and viscosity [19]. Most of these methods require samples to be taken and offline analyses to be performed which include a pre-treatment of the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Sensors for Biodiesel Production in a Batch Reactor

et al. 2017

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Fossil fuel combustion produces around 98% of coal emissions. Therefore, liquid and gaseous biofuels have become more attractive due to their environmental benefits. The biodiesel production process requires measurements that help to control and supervise the variables involved in the process. The measurements provide valuable information about the operation conditions and give estimations about the critical variables of the process. The information from measurements is essential for monitoring the state of a process and verifying if it has an optimal performance. The objective of this study was the conception of a virtual sensor based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the model of a batch biodiesel reactor for estimating concentrations of triglycerides (TG), diglycerides (DG), monoglycerides (MG), methyl ester (E), alcohol (A), and glycerol (GL) in real-time through measurement of the temperature and pH. Estimation of the TG, DG, MG, E, A, and Gl through this method eliminates the need for additional sensors and allows the use of different types of control. For the performance analysis of the virtual sensor, the data obtained from the EKF are compared with experimental data reported in the literature, with the mean square error of the estimate then being calculated. In addition, the results of this approach can be implemented in a real system, since it only uses measurements available in a reactor such as temperature and pH.

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“…An instrument that is able to perform the process accurately, ranging from chemical reactions (production) to quality control (final product), is necessary. Due to the automation of processes, in-line measurements are increasingly being studied to ensure that the product is in conformity to technical requirements [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound as a Metrological Tool for Monitoring Transesterification Kinetics

Baêsso¹,

Oliveira²,

Moraes³

et al. 2018

Advanced Chemical Kinetics

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Ultrasound has been widely used as a technological alternative way to analyse noninvasively an assortment of materials. It includes liquids with dissimilar physical characteristics, including mono-and multi-phasic mixtures, suspension formation and dissolution, in-line processing, among other practical applications. Regardless the huge spread of uses, so far ultrasound has not been proved to be able to quantify transesterification kinetics with a metrological approach. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate that a properly designed ultrasonic experiment can be developed to identify remarkable stages of a transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel. The method was compared both with gas chromatography and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR). For an in-line application, ultrasound has been proved to work properly as a monitoring tool for chemical reaction kinetics.

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On-line monitoring of the transesterification reaction between triglycerides and ethanol using near infrared spectroscopy combined with gas chromatography

Cited by 57 publications

References 36 publications

On-line monitoring of the transesterification reaction carried out in microreactors using near infrared spectroscopy

On-line monitoring of the transesterification reaction carried out in microreactors using near infrared spectroscopy

Virtual Sensors for Biodiesel Production in a Batch Reactor

Ultrasound as a Metrological Tool for Monitoring Transesterification Kinetics

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