On-Line Redox Sensors in Industrial Glass Melting Tanks

Color control and redox balance monitoring in container glass

“…Such systems have already been implemented in commercial glassmaking abroad [11,12] and are also being used to teach operators how to operate glassmaking furnaces. The initial redox parameters (the total amount of iron oxides and the content of chromium oxide and sodium sulfate in the glass), the oxygen partial pressure in the melt measured by electrochemical sensors, and the established redox equilibria as well as the trichromatic characteristics of the glass computed in real-time are all displayed on the screen of a computer monitor.…”

“…When scrap with an unstable ORP (mixed color or varying amounts of organic impurities) is used, a choice as two which batch is to be used is made on the basis of the indications of the batch sensor. This is now an entirely real aspect of production, which must be taken into account at the time the furnaces and the systems for feeding batch mixtures and glass scrap are being designed [12].…”

In-Line Oxygen Sensors for the Glass Melt and the Float Bath

“…Research programs have shown that the oxygen activity of the glass melt and the tin bath are key parameters determining many physical and chemical properties of these melts [1,2]. The use of inline oxygen sensors is now recognised by an increasing number of glass producers as an effective tool to obtain more information about the chemistry of the melt, significantly increasing the understanding, controllability and the efficiency of the production process.…”