On-line solid-phase extraction method for determination of triazine herbicides and degradation products in seawater by ultra-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Substances of emerging concern in Baltic Sea water: Review on methodological advances for the environmental assessment and proposal for future monitoring

“…Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was used for the preconcentration of samples for the analysis of UV filters (Benede ´et al 2014) or PFAS (Concha-Gran ˜a et al 2018) in seawater. However, if higher enrichment factors are required, solid phase extraction (SPE) is the method of choice for UV filters (Bratkovics andSapozhnikova 2011), pharmaceuticals (Paı ´ga et al 2015;Białk-Bielin ´ska et al 2016), pesticides (Loos et al 2013;Rodrı ´guez-Gonza ´lez et al 2017;Li et al 2019;Xiao et al 2021), estrogens (Rocha et al 2012;Ronan and McHugh 2013;Heub et al 2015), and PFAS (Loos et al 2013;Brumovsky ´et al 2018). Besides classical off-line SPE approaches, automated procedures directly coupled to LC systems have been utilized in the last years, e.g., for the analysis of UV filters in seawater samples (Oliveira et al 2010;Montesdeoca-Esponda et al 2012), triazine herbicides (Rodrı ´guez-Gonza ´lez et al 2016), and algal toxins (Zhang et al 2018;Merlo et al 2020;Wang et al 2021).…”

Simultaneous microextraction of pesticides from wastewater using optimized μSPEed and μQuEChERS techniques for food contamination analysis

“…Despite some of the methodologies reported being able to attain lower LODs than the ones achieved in this work, they present several drawbacks. This includes, for instance, the use of MS detection ([ [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ]) which is more expensive, complex, and time-consuming, online extraction systems ([ 34 , 37 , 38 ]), which can be difficult to implement in routine analysis, or organic solvents usage ([ 39 , 40 ]), which should be avoided to mitigate the impact on the environment of the wastes generated. For these reasons, and also considering that the extraction approaches optimized here are commercially available and readily compatible with basic LC configurations available in most analytical laboratories, the proposed μSPEed and μQuEChERS procedures combined with LC-UV analysis constitute promising alternatives for the selected pesticides in this work.…”

Occurrence and spatial-temporal distribution of atrazine and its metabolites in the aquatic environment of the Volturno River estuary, southern Italy

“…The presence of ATR and its metabolites in water has been reported in countries where this herbicide is still used, as in Iran, USA, South Africa, China and Canada (Almasi et al, 2020;Ali et al, 2018;Farounbi and Ngqwala, 2020;Montiel-León et al, 2019) but also in countries where ATR has been banned for years (Barchanska et al, 2017;Benvenuto et al, 2010;Carafa et al, 2007). In Europe, ATR was finally banned in 2004 (Commission Decision 2004/248/EC, 2004 and it is still regularly detected in across surface water and sediment (Caquet et al, 2013;Masiá et al, 2015;Rodríguez-González et al, 2016). Moreover, it is still found in Canadian (Montiel-León et al, 2019) and French drinking water (Le Coadou et al, 2017).…”