On-line speciation of bromine and bromide using sequential injection analysis with spectrophotometric detection

Abstract

An on-line procedure for the simultaneous determination of bromine and total bromine (bromine+bromide oxidised to bromine) is proposed, which lead to the determination of bromide by subtraction. Phenol red was used as chromogenic reagent for bromine and total bromine after bromide was oxidised to bromine by Chloramine T. The linear range found is 1-10 mg L(-1) with a detection limit of 0.6 mg L(-1) for bromine, and a linear range of 0.8-15 mg L(-1) with a detection limit of 0.4 mg L(-1) for total bromine. The calculated RSD for bromine is less than 0.8% and for total bromine less than 0.7%. The system is fully computerised and able to run 30 samples per hour with an automated rinsing step that eliminates sample carry-over. The results for both bromine and bromide from the proposed sequential injection analysis (SIA) system compare favourably with standard manual methods and statistical evaluation proves no significant difference between the results of the proposed SIA system and the standard method at the 95% confidence level. The presence of other halides was found not to interfere.

Edge Plane Pyrolytic Graphite Electrodes for Halide Detection in Aqueous Solutions

“…[2] Another source of bromide is pharmaceutical drugs, which are formulated as bromide or hydrobromide salts. [1] Inorganic bromide salts such as potassium bromide are effective in treating patients with severe myoclonic epilepsy in infants [3] with the monitoring of bromide concentrations in serum an accepted measure since the therapeutic and toxic concentration ranges of the drug are very similar. [4] Adverse effects of bromides and bromide poisoning include skin acne, and dermatitis, lacrimation of the respiratory tract, conjunctivitis and bronchitis, gastric distress, ulceras and speech defects.…”

“…[1] The presence of bromide is a concern in pretreated drinking water since when it is disinfected with ozone, bromate is formed which is a carcinogen. Therefore the amount of bromide is required to be known.…”

A new method to trace colloid transport pathways in macroporous soils using X‐ray computed tomography and fluorescence macrophotography

“…After reaching stable conditions, a pulse of the MS suspension was applied (≈2–3 pore volumes, PV), followed by 10 PV of MS‐free DW. The volume of effluent collected (≈4–6 mL per tube) was determined by weighing, Br − was measured by automated colorimetry (van Staden, Mulaudzi, & Stefan, ) and the particle concentration was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy (Jasco Fluorescence Spectrometer, Jasco FP‐750, Tsukuba, Japan). The porosity and bulk density used in the flow calculations were determined from the soil columns after drying, and after microsphere counting and pathway identification.…”

A review on sequential injection methods for water analysis

“…Another application of an in-line oxidation process for determination of two oxidation states was observed in the work by van Staden et al [85]. The authors described the determination of both bromine and bromide; while the value of bromine was obtained by the direct determination, for bromide it was calculated by the difference with total bromine (after oxidation of bromide).…”

“…As for fluoride, the developed methods described for its determination used potentiometric detection [32,149]. There were some works for the determination of sulfide [87], bromide [85], iodide [110] and thiocyanate [123] where the main application was not water samples but other matrices such as effluents [85,123], pharmaceuticals [110] and simulated samples [87].…”