On Modeling Depths of Power Electronic Circuits for Real-Time Simulation – A Comparative Analysis for Power Systems

Abstract

Investigations of the dynamic behaviour of power electronic components integrated into electric networks require suitable and established simulation methodologies. Real-time simulation represents a frequently applied methodology for analyzing the steady-state and transient behavior of electric power systems. This work introduces a guideline on how to model power electronics converters in digital real time simulators, taking into account the trade-off between model accuracy and the required computation time. Based on this concept, possible execution approaches with respect to the usage of central processing unit and field-programmable gate array components are highlighted. Simulation test scenario, such as primary frequency regulation and low voltage ride through, have been performed and accuracy indices are discussed for each implemented real-time model and each test scenario, respectively. Finally, a run-time analysis of presented real-time setups is given and real-time simulation results are compared. This manuscript demonstrates important differences in real-time simulation modelling, providing useful guidelines for the decision making of power engineers.

A Fast Dynamic Simulation Method of an Active Distribution Network with Distributed Generations Based on Decomposition and Coordination

“…The negative sign on the right side of the equation represents the forward propagation of the traveling wave, t − ∆t represents that the CPU operation time lags by one step; that is, within this step operation time, the data of the cutting point are the data of the previous step of the core connected to it. By organizing Equation (18), it can be concluded as in Equation (19):…”

“…Its disadvantage is that the simulation accuracy will be correspondingly reduced [18]. The second approach is to achieve the improvement of simulation scale and speed through model decomposition and parallel simulation computation, and the advantage is that the simulation accuracy is not decreased [19]. However, due to the wide distribution of distribution network nodes, short lines, tight coupling of source network load and storage, and large time-scale span of fast/medium/slow dynamic processes, how to partition and decoupage the network and realize multi-rate parallel simulation are facing great challenges [20].…”

Real-Time Testing Optimal Power Flow in Smart-Transformer-Based Meshed Hybrid Microgrids: Design and Validation

“…For the design, simulation, and validation of system performance under a hierarchical control approach, mathematical models relating the DER power flow to the MHM are required to formulate and solve an optimization problem at the upper layer of the control and management of the MHM [8]. At the secondary and primary levels, low-frequency equivalent models, whose dominant dynamics are by the simulation horizon, are introduced for system performance analysis under a daily scheduling approach based on demand and generation forecasting [9,10]; these models must be sufficiently detailed so that the dynamics of interest are accurately identified throughout, while at the same time being simple enough to meet real-time simulation constraints [11,12]. Thus, it is necessary to build DRTS schemes with the detail and accuracy required to account for the reliability of both the computational models and the optimal operating point of the MHM.…”

Modelling of 3-Phase p-q Theory-Based Dynamic Load for Real-Time Simulation

“…These challenges can be solved by increasing the load complexity, and adding more details' lay-ers. If, from one side, this solution brings higher simulation accuracy , on the other side, it requires higher computational effort, bringing the simulation time out of the boundaries that are suitable for digital real-time simulations [2].…”