On neutrino-mediated potentials in a neutrino background

Abstract

The exchange of a pair of neutrinos with Standard Model weak interactions generates a long-range force between fermions. The associated potential is extremely feeble, ∝ $$ {G}_F^2/{r}^5 $$ G F 2 / r 5 for massless neutrinos, which renders it far from observable even in the most sensitive experiments testing fifth forces. The presence of a neutrino background has been argued to induce a correction to the neutrino propagator that enhances the potential by orders of magnitude. In this brief note, we point out that such modified propagators are invalid if the background neutrino wavepackets have a finite width. By reevaluating the 2-ν exchange potential in the presence of a neutrino background including finite width effects, we find that the background-induced enhancement is reduced by several orders of magnitude. Unfortunately, this pushes the resulting 2-ν exchange potential away from present and near-future sensitivity of tests of new long-range forces.

The dark Stodolsky effect: constraining effective dark matter operators with spin-dependent interactions

“…Similarly, ř Nν is a sum over all neutrinos in the background with the degrees of freedom specified by the preceding sum. The external states are incoherent superpositions of momentum eigenstates, defined by [44][45][46] |ψpp ψ , x ψ , h ψ qy " ż d 3 q ψ p2πq 3 1 a 2E q ψ ω ψ pp ψ , q ψ qe ´i⃗ q ψ ¨⃗ x ψ |tq ψ , h ψ uy,…”