On nitrogen fixation and “residual nitrogen content” in cellulosic pulps

Goto, Takaaki; Zaccaron, Sara; Bacher, Markus; Potthast, Antje; Rosenau, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117235

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…90% of cotton is made of cellulose, which does not contain ammonia. However, the remaining components of cotton include nitrogen-based molecules . cWCF had an additional peak at 401.2 eV assigned to quaternary ammonium, confirming the EPTAC-based cationization …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…26 After the cationization of WCF with EPTAC, a new peak appeared at 1539 cm −1 attributed to the vibration of the methyl group in −N + (CH 3 ) 3 , demonstrating the synthesis of cWCF. 49 N 1s X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of WCF and cWCF provide additional evidence of the impact of EPTAC on the surface of the cellulose polymer (Figure 1cd). WCF exhibited only one peak corresponding to ammonia.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cationic Waste Cotton Fabric for the Adsorptive Colorimetric Detection of Chromium Ion Traces

Jiang

Tang

Zhao

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) exists in water as carcinogenic anionic species. Here, waste cotton fabric (WCF) was recycled and given a second life as a support for Cr(VI) colorimetric detection. WCF was prepared by grafting 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride on its surface to make it cationic (cWCF) and suitable for Cr anion adsorption via electrostatic interactions. Two strategies were assessed for Cr(VI) detection in water. In the first method, cWCF was functionalized with color-developing 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC), and the resulting strip was evaluated for Cr(VI) quantification. This sensor exhibited a short response time of 30 s with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.029 mg/L. In the second method, Cr(VI)-containing samples were initially preconcentrated by adsorption on the cWCF substrate, and then, DPC was added for color development. With this system, the LOD was excellent at 0.0013 mg/L, but the response time was longer at 5 min. Another advantage of the robust cWCF support is that it could be washed and reused multiple times for Cr(VI) detection. The two approaches described here are inexpensive and can be selected for different purposes depending on the sensitivity required as well as the volume of samples and time available to complete the Cr ion assay.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cationic Waste Cotton Fabric for the Adsorptive Colorimetric Detection of Chromium Ion Traces

Jiang

Tang

Zhao

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…[ 43 ] On the other hand, the competition from the concomitant HER also affected the N 2 selectivity on the catalysts. [ 44 ] The multistep NRR process involves a complex transfer of six protons and six electrons, while an easier transfer of only two electrons and two protons is required in the one‐step HER process, [ 45 ] resulting in that HER is easier to happen than NNR in terms of the kinetics aspect. Besides, Figure 6b shows that NRR owns a higher theoretical reaction potential (0.0092 V vs RHE) than 0 V versus RHE for the HER, indicating that HER is thermodynamically more favorable in the aqueous solution.…”

Section: Strategies On Improving Electrochemical Performance For the ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Post Nitrogen Electrocatalysis Era From Li–N₂Batteries to Zn–N₂Batteries

Meng

Xiong

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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ability to deliver high energy density with good environmental friendliness, which are considered as the promising devices for energy storage and conversion in the sustainable human society. [1] Considering the abundance of nitrogen resource in the air, scientists began to shift their research perspective from O 2 or CO 2 to N 2 . With the first presentation of the concept for the Li-N 2 battery in 2017, [2] a new device combining energy conversion and N 2 fixation starts to come into sight. Inspired by this new model, from organic Na/Al-N 2 batteries [3] to aqueous Al/Zn-N 2 batteries, [4] other types of metal-N 2 batteries began to be reported as illustrated in Figure 1. For realizing electrochemical NH 3 production, the reaction path is nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) during the discharge process for both organic and aqueous metal-N 2 batteries. Based on diverse reaction mechanism under aqueous and organic solution, the subsequent reaction in the charge process for two types of metal-N 2 batteries is different, that is, the nitrogen extraction reaction (NER) for the organic ones and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for the aqueous ones. Overall, the developments of aqueous metal-N 2 batteries are mainly inspired by the organic metal-N 2 batteries and lag behind their development. Up to now, only part of the reported metal-N 2 batteries shows good electrochemical reversibility, [5] while some are electrochemical irreversible primary batteries that can only be discharged. [6] Unlike organic metal-N 2 batteries, for all the reversible/irreversible aqueous metal-N 2 batteries, NH 3 would be generated during the discharging process. In the meantime, these reversible aqueous metal-N 2 batteries can still be recharged even after the NH 3 releasing. [7] NH 3 plays an important role in maintaining the survival of human beings and the sustainable development for the social economy. First, NH 3 is an important chemical raw material for the production of agricultural nitrogen fertilizer, as well as a key energy storage intermediate and carbon-free energy carrier for the production of fuels, dyes, and other industries articles. [8] Moreover, NH 3 is considered as an excellent hydrogen energy carrier because of its high hydrogen content without carbon element and easy liquefaction for storing and transporting. [9] However, the industrial NH 3 synthesis is still carried out via the Haber-Bosch process developed 100 years ago based on the reaction of N 2 +3H 2 →NH 3 , which proceeds under high working pressure of 20 MPa and heat temperature of 673 K, resulting in Metal-N 2 batteries attract considerable research attention due to the dualfunctional characteristics applied in energy storage and conversion, as well as electrochemical artificial NH 3 yield. Nonetheless, it has been found that not all kinds of metal-N 2 batteries are suitable for combining the above two applications. Herein, recent advances in metal-N 2 batteries are summarized. First, the electrochemical reaction mechanisms for all types of metal-N 2 batteries,...

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“…As an example, Fig. 2 This occurrence was attributed to the ability of cellulosic materials to permanently retain nitrogen compounds, albeit usually in a low percentage range due to the amino functions of the cellulose (Goto et al 2021). Despite undergoing mild acidic washing which typically removes nitrogen compounds, certain nitrogen components remained resistant and tightly bound, leaving a small residue of nitrogen in the samples (Goto et al 2021).…”

Section: Sem/edx Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and characterization of modified algae derivative cellulose and its mixtures for dye removal

Rahman,

James,

Othman

et al. 2023

BioRes

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A new bio-sorbent derived from green algae biomass, Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina), was found to be economically practical for water decontamination. This biosorbent comprised of microalgae cellulose, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), Dabai activated carbon (AC), and montmorillonite (MMT), each plays a distinctive role in removing methylene blue (MB) dye. The presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups in algae cellulose, confirmed by the FTIR analysis, offered binding sites for dye removal. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the morphological structure of the biosorbent, highlighting the combined effect of microalgae cellulose, PLA, Dabai AC, and MMT mixtures. The inclusion of Dabai AC and MMT improved micropores and mesopores, enhancing adsorption reactions. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis confirmed that the sample containing microalgae cellulose, Dabai AC, and MMT clay in PLA had a specific surface area of 0.784 m2/g, three times higher than the PLA + cellulose sample. Additionally, adding 1% MMT to the sample improved the particle dispersion on the surface of the hydrophobic PLA, thereby improving its thermal properties. Remarkably, the biosorbent effectively eliminated 86.8% of MB dye from an initial concentration of 50 mg/L after 60 min of Vis-light irradiation using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy.

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On nitrogen fixation and “residual nitrogen content” in cellulosic pulps

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Cationic Waste Cotton Fabric for the Adsorptive Colorimetric Detection of Chromium Ion Traces

Cationic Waste Cotton Fabric for the Adsorptive Colorimetric Detection of Chromium Ion Traces

Post Nitrogen Electrocatalysis Era From Li–N₂Batteries to Zn–N₂Batteries

Extraction and characterization of modified algae derivative cellulose and its mixtures for dye removal

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On nitrogen fixation and “residual nitrogen content” in cellulosic pulps

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Cationic Waste Cotton Fabric for the Adsorptive Colorimetric Detection of Chromium Ion Traces

Cationic Waste Cotton Fabric for the Adsorptive Colorimetric Detection of Chromium Ion Traces

Post Nitrogen Electrocatalysis Era From Li–N2Batteries to Zn–N2Batteries

Extraction and characterization of modified algae derivative cellulose and its mixtures for dye removal

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Product

Resources

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Post Nitrogen Electrocatalysis Era From Li–N₂Batteries to Zn–N₂Batteries