On nonlocal complex Maxwell equations and wave motion in electrodynamics and dielectric media

El-Nabulsi, Rami Ahmad

doi:10.1007/s11082-018-1436-x

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 58 publications

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“…Other work examined extended electrodynamics or the effects of relaxing the Lorenz gauge: Fock and Podolsky [53] [82,83] in 2019; and Haralick [84] in 2018. Other recent works are relevant [85][86][87][88][89]. This paragraph and the previous paragraph cite 30 independent works that are indicative of the importance of EED.…”

Section: Derivation Of the Form For The Scalar Fieldmentioning

confidence: 90%

Implications of Gauge-Free Extended Electrodynamics

Reed

Hively

2020

Symmetry

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Recent tests measured an irrotational (curl-free) magnetic vector potential (A) that is contrary to classical electrodynamics (CED). A (irrotational) arises in extended electrodynamics (EED) that is derivable from the Stueckelberg Lagrangian. A (irrotational) implies an irrotational (gradient-driven) electrical current density, J. Consequently, EED is gauge-free and provably unique. EED predicts a scalar field that equals the quantity usually set to zero as the Lorenz gauge, making A and the scalar potential () independent and physically-measureable fields. EED predicts a scalar-longitudinal wave (SLW) that has an electric field along the direction of propagation together with the scalar field, carrying both energy and momentum. EED also predicts the scalar wave (SW) that carries energy without momentum. EED predicts that the SLW and SW are unconstrained by the skin effect, because neither wave has a magnetic field that generates dissipative eddy currents in electrical conductors. The novel concept of a “gradient-driven” current is a key feature of US Patent 9,306,527 that disclosed antennas for SLW generation and reception. Preliminary experiments have validated the SLW’s no-skin-effect constraint as a potential harbinger of new technologies, a possible explanation for poorly understood laboratory and astrophysical phenomena, and a forerunner of paradigm revolutions.

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