On Possibility of Testing the Mechanical Properties of 50KhGFA Steel by the Pulsed Magnetic Method

Matyuk, V. F.; Mel’gui, M. A.; Osipov, A. A.; Kratirov, V. B.; Lyubarets, A. L.; Shepturo, S. V.

doi:10.1023/b:runt.0000019718.43776.7a

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“…A unique dependence of relaxation coercive force H p r in a pulsed magnetization mode on the tempering temperature was found in [8]. A unique dependence was established in the same study between the tempering temperature and gradient ∇ H rn upon pulsed magnetization to a saturation state by a series of pulses with an invariant amplitude and magnetization reversal by a single pulse of an optimal amplitude.…”

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confidence: 82%

“…A magnetic method [3][4][5][6][7] could ensure a high production rate and lower the labor input to the inspection procedure; however, as shown in [8], none of the magnetic characteristics measured in a static magnetizing mode features a unique relation to the hardness of steel 50 ïÉîÄ after quenching and high-temperature tempering. An approach involving magnetization of items made of this steel by a series of pulses with an invariable amplitude and measurement of ∇ H rn , the gradient of the normal component of the residual magnetization's field strength also fails to solve the problem.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Inspection of the Strength Characteristics and Heat-Treatment Quality of Ferromagnetic Articles According to Parameters of the Residual-Magnetization Hysteresis Loop during Their Local Magnetization and Magnetization Reversal in a Pulsed Magnetic Field with a Variable Amplitude: III. Steel 50ΧΓΦΑ

Matyuk¹,

Mel’gui²,

Pinchukov³

et al. 2005

Russ J Nondestruct Test

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Effects of the tempering temperature on specimens' hardness and on parameters of both the anomalous-hysteresis loop and the recovery curves for the gradient of the residual magnetization field's strength are studied experimentally. Test specimens made of steel 50 ïÉîÄ intended for laminated springs are quenched in water from 850 ° C and subjected to local magnetization and magnetization reversal by a pulsed magnetic field created by an attachable solenoid whose axis is perpendicular to the surface. The amplitude of pulses changes with increment ∆ H p . Parameters enabling nondestructive testing of the hardness of multiple-leaf springs made from steel 50 ïÉîÄ within three ranges of temperingtemperature variation (0-300, 300-600, and 0-600 ° C) are determined.High-quality chrome-manganese steel 50 ïÉîÄ intended for laminated springs is used in manufacturing of critical multiple-leaf springs for vehicles. It differs from silicon steel 60C2 investigated earlier [1] by improved technological properties attained at the same cost.An increase in the content of manganese in a medium-carbon chrome-alloy steel results in improved strength properties, minor variations of plasticity, and increased hardening characteristics. Owing to the presence of vanadium, this steel has a fine-grained structure that additionally improves its hardening characteristics. If this steel is tempered in the range 400-500 ° C, vanadium carbides that dissolved when the steel was heated for quenching become deposited at the nodes of the dislocation lattice. This process slows softening of steel in the tempering process until noticeable coagulation of these carbides begins, a process which takes place at tempering temperatures above 500 ° C.Vanadium positively affects the process of nitrogen binding as well. Low sensitivity to the growth of austenite grains and a uniform distribution of carbides in the structure of steel 50 ïÉîÄ after tempering ensure increased impact viscosity [2].Manufacturing instructions stipulate that a bundle of plates made of this steel, which is intended for making a single multiple-leaf spring, should be heated for quenching in a belt furnace with a temperature of 800-810 ° C at the entry, 890-910 ° C in the central zone, and 890-910 ° C at the exit. The heated leaves are bent and tempered in oil for 15 to 20 min. The oil temperature should not exceed 90 ° C. The hardness after quenching, which is measured once every hour, should be in the range 477-712 HB (55-63.5 HRC ).The quenched leaves are tempered also in a belt furnace whose temperature at the entry and the exit is 500-520 ° C. Heating for tempering lasts 100 min. The hardness after cooling is measured at three points: at the two ends of a leaf and on the convex surface at its center. The value of hardness should be 363-444 HB (39-47 HRC ). The hardness of individual leaves within the same multiple-leaf spring must not exceed 40 HB (4 HRC ).Owing to the dimensions and weight of a multiple-leaf spring (the length is >2 m and the weight is 30 kg) and to the necessity to...

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confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspection of the Strength Characteristics and Heat-Treatment Quality of Ferromagnetic Articles According to Parameters of the Residual-Magnetization Hysteresis Loop during Their Local Magnetization and Magnetization Reversal in a Pulsed Magnetic Field with a Variable Amplitude: III. Steel 50ΧΓΦΑ

Matyuk¹,

Mel’gui²,

Pinchukov³

et al. 2005

Russ J Nondestruct Test

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“…If σ t < 430 MPa, I pc are insensitive to the results of these tests; however, it is highly unlikely that there will be any rejected samples here. Along with äàîå-1 coercimeters, IMA-type devices and setups designed at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Belarussian Academy of Sciences have been successfully used [53][54][55][56][57][58]. Readings of these coercimeters are also proportional to the coercivity of an article.…”

Section: Mechanical Tests Of Rolled Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Testing of Mechanical Properties of Rolled Steel (Review): 1. Tests of Strength and Plastic Properties

Bida

2005

Russ J Nondestruct Test

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This review considers the creation and development of a nondestructive technique based on coercive-force measurements used to determine strength and plastic properties of industrial rolling products made from Russian-produced low-carbon and low-alloy steels. The operating principle for a coercimeter equipped with a field electromagnet is described briefly. Regression lines of mechanical properties versus coercimeter readings are presented for 20 Í -and 09 É 2-steel sheets produced by Nizhni Tagil Iron and Steel Works. Different methods for considering sheet thickness and tube dimensions are discussed.Determined by a steel's strength and plasticity on the basis of only magnetic characteristics H c , four mechanical characteristics of low-carbon and low-alloy hot-rolled steel (ultimate tensile strength σ t , yield stress σ y , relative elongation δ 5 , and reduction in area ψ ) are tested by a nondestructive method that is possible primarily because of a correlation between strength and plasticity. Structural defects in steel impede the motion of dislocations during plastic deformation and thus cause the mechanical strength to increase and the plasticity to decrease. They also contribute to an increase in coercivity that results from the action of various factors.Such rolled products as thick and thin sheets, heavy sections and small shapes, conventional tubes and other articles made of carbon are used in the hot-rolled or normalized state. No substantial structural changes occur during production of these steels. All variations in physical properties are caused by changes in ferrite and ferrite-pearlite structures. These properties are determined by the following main factors [1 − 3]: ferrite-grain size, pearlite content, presence and content of needlelike structures (bainite and Widmanstatten pattern), solid-solution hardening, dispersion hardening, etc. [4][5][6][7].Physical principles of nondestructive magnetic tests of rolled steel's mechanical properties are considered in detail in [8,9]. Therefore, we will not discuss this problem here. We shall only consider the practical use of coercive-force measurements in nondestructive tests of these properties. FIRST STEPSIn 1945, a correlation between mechanical properties and coercivity of rolled steel was already substantiated for 10 ÍÔ steel [10] and the sensitivity of a coercimeter to the free-cementite content, ferrite-grain size, and carbon percentage was established. The linear dependence of ultimate tensile strength σ t on coercimeter readings I p c was established in tensile tear tests and used to substantiate the choice of the correlation model developed to describe the correlation between other mechanical characteristics, including yield stress σ y , relative elongation δ 5 , and reduction in area ψ , on the one hand, and I p c , on the other hand.The techniques developed to determine mechanical properties of rolled steel at Russian manufacturing plants are regulated by both State Standards (GOSTs) and other standards. Consequently, in order to replace suc...

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Magnetic Methods of Evaluating Elastic Stresses in Ferromagnetic Steels (Review)

Горкунов¹,

Мушников²

2020

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The paper describes the magnetoelastic effects and the existing concepts of the formation of magnetic textures under the action of elastic stresses in ferromagnetic materials. The possibilities of using magnetic parameters to assess the acting stresses in structural steels are shown: the assessment of the value of uniaxial compressive stresses is practically not difficult, however, there is a problem of assessing tensile stresses in low-alloy steels due to the ambiguous dependence of the magnetic characteristics on elastic tensile deformation. Possible reasons for this ambiguity are discussed, and methods for solving this problem using the anisotropy of the coercive force and the parameters of the magnetic rigidity spectra are shown. The possibilities of evaluating the acting stresses in multilayer ferromagnetics based on the field dependences of the differential magnetic permeability are considered. Papers on the study of the influence of complexly stressed states on the magnetic characteristics of ferromagnetic materials are discussed.

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On Possibility of Testing the Mechanical Properties of 50KhGFA Steel by the Pulsed Magnetic Method

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Nondestructive Testing of Mechanical Properties of Rolled Steel (Review): 1. Tests of Strength and Plastic Properties

Magnetic Methods of Evaluating Elastic Stresses in Ferromagnetic Steels (Review)

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