“…These materials have attracted attention recently because they have unique optical properties that are not present in conventional optical fibres [2][3][4][5], such as operation in endlessly single-mode [6][7][8], using edge bending loss for short wavelengths [6], the fiber can provide large and small effective mode area in a single-mode region, and the anomalous group-velocity dispersion of these fibers shows two zero dispersion wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared regions [9], control dispersion management [10], low loss, high birefringence [11,12], bio-sensing applications [13] and large mode area operation [14,15]. There are two mechanisms for guiding light in PCFs, depending on the geometry of the fiber core; it is either a solid or hollow core [1][2][3]16]. The first mechanism is known as indexguiding PCFs, which directs light by total internal refraction between the solid core and the cladding area with multiple air holes.…”